Thomas IPT

Read Write Registry

2011-03-29T22:25:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

Attribute VB_Name = "mdlRegistry"
Option Explicit

Global Const REG_SZ As Long = 1
Global Const REG_DWORD As Long = 4

Global Const HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = &H80000000
Global Const HKEY_CURRENT_USER = &H80000001
Global Const HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = &H80000002
Global Const HKEY_USERS = &H80000003

Global Const ERROR_NONE = 0
Global Const ERROR_BADDB = 1
Global Const ERROR_BADKEY = 2
Global Const ERROR_CANTOPEN = 3
Global Const ERROR_CANTREAD = 4
Global Const ERROR_CANTWRITE = 5
Global Const ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY = 6
Global Const ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER = 7
Global Const ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = 8
Global Const ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERS = 87
Global Const ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS = 259

Global Const KEY_ALL_ACCESS = &H3F

Global Const REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE = 0

Declare Function RegCloseKey Lib "advapi32.dll" (ByVal hKey As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegCreateKeyEx Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegCreateKeyExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, 

ByVal Reserved As Long, ByVal lpClass As String, ByVal dwOptions As Long, ByVal samDesired As Long, ByVal 

lpSecurityAttributes As Long, phkResult As Long, lpdwDisposition As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegOpenKeyEx Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegOpenKeyExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, ByVal 

ulOptions As Long, ByVal samDesired As Long, phkResult As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegQueryValueExString Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegQueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String, ByVal lpReserved As Long, lpType As Long, ByVal lpData As String, lpcbData As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegQueryValueExLong Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegQueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String, ByVal lpReserved As Long, lpType As Long, lpData As Long, lpcbData As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegQueryValueExNULL Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegQueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String, ByVal lpReserved As Long, lpType As Long, ByVal lpData As Long, lpcbData As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegSetValueExString Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegSetValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String, ByVal Reserved As Long, ByVal dwType As Long, ByVal lpValue As String, ByVal cbData As Long) As Long
Declare Function RegSetValueExLong Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegSetValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String, ByVal Reserved As Long, ByVal dwType As Long, lpValue As Long, ByVal cbData As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegDeleteKey& Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegDeleteKeyA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As 

String)
Private Declare Function RegDeleteValue& Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegDeleteValueA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As 

String)

Public Function DeleteKey(lPredefinedKey As Long, sKeyName As String)
' Description:
'   This Function will Delete a key
'
' Syntax:
'   DeleteKey Location, KeyName
'
'   Location must equal HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_lOCAL_MACHINE
'   , HKEY_USERS
'
'   KeyName is name of the key you wish to delete, it may include subkeys (example "Key1\SubKey1")


    Dim lRetVal As Long         'result of the SetValueEx function
    Dim hKey As Long         'handle of open key
    
    'open the specified key
    
    'lRetVal = RegOpenKeyEx(lPredefinedKey, sKeyName, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, hKey)

    lRetVal = RegDeleteKey(lPredefinedKey, sKeyName)
    'RegCloseKey (hKey)
End Function

Public Function DeleteValue(lPredefinedKey As Long, sKeyName As String, sValueName As String)
' Description:
'   This Function will delete a value
'
' Syntax:
'   DeleteValue Location, KeyName, ValueName
'
'   Location must equal HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_lOCAL_MACHINE
'   , HKEY_USERS
'
'   KeyName is the name of the key that the value you wish to delete is in
'   , it may include subkeys (example "Key1\SubKey1")
'
'   ValueName is the name of value you wish to delete

       Dim lRetVal As Long         'result of the SetValueEx function
       Dim hKey As Long         'handle of open key

       'open the specified key

       lRetVal = RegOpenKeyEx(lPredefinedKey, sKeyName, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, hKey)
       lRetVal = RegDeleteValue(hKey, sValueName)
       RegCloseKey (hKey)
End Function

Public Function SetValueEx(ByVal hKey As Long, sValueName As String, lType As Long, vValue As Variant) As Long
    Dim lValue As Long
    Dim sValue As String

    Select Case lType
        Case REG_SZ
            sValue = vValue
            SetValueEx = RegSetValueExString(hKey, sValueName, 0&, lType, sValue, Len(sValue))
        Case REG_DWORD
            lValue = vValue
            SetValueEx = RegSetValueExLong(hKey, sValueName, 0&, lType, lValue, 4)
        End Select

End Function





Function QueryValueEx(ByVal lhKey As Long, ByVal szValueName As String, vValue As Variant) As Long
    Dim cch As Long
    Dim lrc As Long
    Dim lType As Long
    Dim lValue As Long
    Dim sValue As String

    On Error GoTo QueryValueExError



    ' Determine the size and type of data to be read

    lrc = RegQueryValueExNULL(lhKey, szValueName, 0&, lType, 0&, cch)
    If lrc <> ERROR_NONE Then Error 5

    Select Case lType
        ' For strings
        Case REG_SZ:
            sValue = String(cch, 0)
            lrc = RegQueryValueExString(lhKey, szValueName, 0&, lType, sValue, cch)
            If lrc = ERROR_NONE Then
                vValue = Left$(sValue, cch)
            Else
                vValue = Empty
            End If

        ' For DWORDS
        Case REG_DWORD:
            lrc = RegQueryValueExLong(lhKey, szValueName, 0&, lType, lValue, cch)
            If lrc = ERROR_NONE Then vValue = lValue
        Case Else
            'all other data types not supported
            lrc = -1
    End Select

QueryValueExExit:

    QueryValueEx = lrc
    Exit Function

QueryValueExError:

    Resume QueryValueExExit

End Function
Public Function CreateNewKey(lPredefinedKey As Long, sNewKeyName As String)
' Description:
'   This Function will create a new key
'
' Syntax:
'   QueryValue Location, KeyName
'
'   Location must equal HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_lOCAL_MACHINE
'   , HKEY_USERS
'
'   KeyName is name of the key you wish to create, it may include subkeys (example "Key1\SubKey1")

    
    
    Dim hNewKey As Long         'handle to the new key
    Dim lRetVal As Long         'result of the RegCreateKeyEx function
    
    lRetVal = RegCreateKeyEx(lPredefinedKey, sNewKeyName, 0&, vbNullString, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, 0&, 

hNewKey, lRetVal)
    RegCloseKey (hNewKey)
End Function


Sub Main()
    'Examples of each function:
    'CreateNewKey HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "TestKey\SubKey1\SubKey2"
    'SetKeyValue HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "TestKey\SubKey1", "Test", "Testing, Testing", REG_SZ
    'MsgBox QueryValue(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "TestKey\SubKey1", "Test")
    'DeleteKey HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "TestKey\SubKey1\SubKey2"
    'DeleteValue HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "TestKey\SubKey1", "Test"
End Sub


Public Function SetKeyValue(lPredefinedKey As Long, sKeyName As String, sValueName As String, vValueSetting As Variant, 

lValueType As Long)
' Description:
'   This Function will set the data field of a value
'
' Syntax:
'   QueryValue Location, KeyName, ValueName, ValueSetting, ValueType
'
'   Location must equal HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_lOCAL_MACHINE
'   , HKEY_USERS
'
'   KeyName is the key that the value is under (example: "Key1\SubKey1")
'
'   ValueName is the name of the value you want create, or set the value of (example: "ValueTest")
'
'   ValueSetting is what you want the value to equal
'
'   ValueType must equal either REG_SZ (a string) Or REG_DWORD (an integer)

       Dim lRetVal As Long         'result of the SetValueEx function
       Dim hKey As Long         'handle of open key

       'open the specified key

       lRetVal = RegOpenKeyEx(lPredefinedKey, sKeyName, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, hKey)
       lRetVal = SetValueEx(hKey, sValueName, lValueType, vValueSetting)
       RegCloseKey (hKey)

End Function

Public Function QueryValue(lPredefinedKey As Long, sKeyName As String, sValueName As String)
' Description:
'   This Function will return the data field of a value
'
' Syntax:
'   Variable = QueryValue(Location, KeyName, ValueName)
'
'   Location must equal HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_lOCAL_MACHINE
'   , HKEY_USERS
'
'   KeyName is the key that the value is under (example: "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer")
'
'   ValueName is the name of the value you want to access (example: "link")

       Dim lRetVal As Long         'result of the API functions
       Dim hKey As Long         'handle of opened key
       Dim vValue As Variant      'setting of queried value


       lRetVal = RegOpenKeyEx(lPredefinedKey, sKeyName, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, hKey)
       lRetVal = QueryValueEx(hKey, sValueName, vValue)
       'MsgBox vValue
       QueryValue = vValue
       RegCloseKey (hKey)
End Function

Print String

2011-03-28T22:24:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

 '//Place This Code in a Module

Public PrinterPresent As Boolean
'Print module v3
'sub PrintString
'PrintString Text, leftfmargin, rightmargin, topmargin, bottommargin
'margins are long values 0-100 percent


Option Explicit

Public Function PrintString(printVar As String, leftMargePrcnt As Long, rightMargePrcnt As Long, topMargePrcnt As Long, bottomMargePrcnt As Long)
Dim lMarge As Long
Dim rMarge As Long
Dim tMarge As Long
Dim bMarge As Long
Dim printLijn As String
Dim staPos  As Long
Dim endPos As Long
Dim txtHoogte As Long
Dim printHoogte As Long
Dim objectHoogte As Long
Dim objectBreedte As Long
Dim currYpos As Long
Dim cutChar As String
Dim k As Long
Dim cutPos As Long

On Error Resume Next

Screen.MousePointer = 11

Printer.FontName = "Courier New"
Printer.FontSize = 10
Printer.FontBold = False
Printer.FontItalic = False
Printer.FontUnderline = False
Printer.FontStrikethru = False

txtHoogte = Printer.TextHeight("AbgWq")
lMarge = Int((Printer.Width / 100) * leftMargePrcnt)
rMarge = Int((Printer.Width / 100) * rightMargePrcnt)
tMarge = Int((Printer.Height / 100) * topMargePrcnt)
bMarge = Int((Printer.Height / 100) * bottomMargePrcnt)
objectHoogte = Printer.Height - tMarge - bMarge
objectBreedte = Printer.Width - lMarge - rMarge
Printer.CurrentY = tMarge
staPos = 1
endPos = 0
Do

'get next line to crlf
endPos = InStr(staPos, printVar, vbCrLf)
If endPos <> 0 Then
    printLijn = Mid(printVar, staPos, endPos - staPos)
    Else
    printLijn = Mid(printVar, staPos)
    endPos = Len(printVar)
    End If
    
'check lenght one line
If Printer.TextWidth(printLijn) <= objectBreedte Then
    'line ok, keep line as it is
    staPos = endPos + 2
    Else
    'line to big, try to cut of at space or other signs within limits
    cutPos = 0
    For k = 1 To Len(printLijn)
        cutChar = Mid(printLijn, k, 1)
        If cutChar = " " Or cutChar = "." Or cutChar = "," Or cutChar = ":" Or cutChar = ")" Then
            If Printer.TextWidth(Left(printLijn, k)) > objectBreedte Then Exit For
            cutPos = k
        End If
    Next k
    'check result search for space
    If cutPos > 1 Then
        'cut off on space
        printLijn = Mid(printVar, staPos, cutPos)
        staPos = staPos + cutPos
        Else
        'no cut-character found within limits, so cut line on paperwidth
        For k = 1 To Len(printLijn)
            If Printer.TextWidth(Left(printLijn, k)) > objectBreedte Then Exit For
        Next k
        printLijn = Mid(printVar, staPos, k - 1)
        staPos = staPos + (k - 1)
    End If
End If
'print line
Printer.CurrentX = lMarge
currYpos = Printer.CurrentY + txtHoogte
If currYpos > (tMarge + objectHoogte) - txtHoogte Then
    Printer.NewPage
    Printer.CurrentY = tMarge
    Printer.CurrentX = lMarge
    End If
Printer.Print printLijn
Loop While staPos < Len(printVar)
Printer.EndDoc
Screen.MousePointer = 0
End Function


'Alignements


Function AlignLeft(NData, CFormat) As String
  If NData > 0 Then 'if not empty string
    AlignLeft = Format(NData, CFormat)
    AlignLeft = AlignLeft + Space(Len(CFormat) - Len(AlignLeft))
  Else 'empty string
    AlignLeft = Format(NData, CFormat)
    AlignLeft = "" + Space(Len(CFormat) - 1)
  End If
End Function

'This will make a string right align (usualy just for
'text in currency or number of something or numeric data)
Function AlignRight(NData, CFormat) As String
  If NData > 0 Then
    AlignRight = Format(NData, CFormat)
    AlignRight = Space(Len(CFormat) - Len(AlignRight)) + AlignRight
  Else
    AlignRight = Format(NData, CFormat)
    AlignRight = Space(Len(CFormat) - 1) + "0"
  End If
End Function

NTFS Permissions

2011-03-28T22:22:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

'Example from MSDN (Q240176)
'The following code changes permissions on a folder to Add & Read or Change.
'The folder needs to be created on an NTFS partition.
'You need to be an Administrator on the machine in question and have read/write
'(READ_CONTROL and WRITE_DAC) access to the file or directory.

Private Sub Command1_Click()
    Dim sUserName As String
    Dim sFolderName As String
    sUserName = Trim$(CStr(Text2.Text))
    sFolderName = Trim$(CStr(Text1.Text))
    SetAccess sUserName, sFolderName, GENERIC_READ Or GENERIC_EXECUTE Or DELETE Or GENERIC_WRITE
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click()
    Dim sUserName As String
    Dim sFolderName As String
    sUserName = Trim$(Text2.Text)
    sFolderName = Trim$(Text1.Text)
    SetAccess sUserName, sFolderName, GENERIC_EXECUTE Or GENERIC_READ
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
    Text1.Text = "enter folder name"
    Text2.Text = "enter username"
    Command1.Caption = "Change"
    Command2.Caption = "Read && Add"
End Sub



' Constants used within our API calls. Refer to the MSDN for more
' information on how/what these constants are used for.

' Memory constants used through various memory API calls.
Public Const GMEM_MOVEABLE = &H2
Public Const LMEM_FIXED = &H0
Public Const LMEM_ZEROINIT = &H40
Public Const LPTR = (LMEM_FIXED + LMEM_ZEROINIT)
Public Const GENERIC_READ = &H80000000
Public Const GENERIC_ALL = &H10000000
Public Const GENERIC_EXECUTE = &H20000000
Public Const GENERIC_WRITE = &H40000000

' The file/security API call constants.
' Refer to the MSDN for more information on how/what these constants
' are used for.
Public Const DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION = &H4
Public Const SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION = 1
Public Const SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH = 20
Public Const SD_SIZE = (65536 + SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH)
Public Const ACL_REVISION2 = 2
Public Const ACL_REVISION = 2
Public Const MAXDWORD = &HFFFFFFFF
Public Const SidTypeUser = 1
Public Const AclSizeInformation = 2

'  The following are the inherit flags that go into the AceFlags field
'  of an Ace header.

Public Const OBJECT_INHERIT_ACE = &H1
Public Const CONTAINER_INHERIT_ACE = &H2
Public Const NO_PROPAGATE_INHERIT_ACE = &H4
Public Const INHERIT_ONLY_ACE = &H8
Public Const INHERITED_ACE = &H10
Public Const VALID_INHERIT_FLAGS = &H1F
Public Const DELETE = &H10000

' Structures used by our API calls.
' Refer to the MSDN for more information on how/what these
' structures are used for.
Type ACE_HEADER
   AceType As Byte
   AceFlags As Byte
   AceSize As Integer
End Type


Public Type ACCESS_DENIED_ACE
  Header As ACE_HEADER
  Mask As Long
  SidStart As Long
End Type

Type ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE
   Header As ACE_HEADER
   Mask As Long
   SidStart As Long
End Type

Type ACL
   AclRevision As Byte
   Sbz1 As Byte
   AclSize As Integer
   AceCount As Integer
   Sbz2 As Integer
End Type

Type ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION
   AceCount As Long
   AclBytesInUse As Long
   AclBytesFree As Long
End Type

Type SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR
   Revision As Byte
   Sbz1 As Byte
   Control As Long
   Owner As Long
   Group As Long
   sACL As ACL
   Dacl As ACL
End Type

' API calls used within this sample. Refer to the MSDN for more
' information on how/what these APIs do.

Declare Function GetComputerName Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetComputerNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetUserName Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "GetUserNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
Declare Function LookupAccountName Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "LookupAccountNameA" (lpSystemName As String, ByVal lpAccountName As String, sid As Any, cbSid As Long, ByVal ReferencedDomainName As String, cbReferencedDomainName As Long, peUse As Long) As Long
Declare Function InitializeSecurityDescriptor Lib "advapi32.dll" (pSecurityDescriptor As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, ByVal dwRevision As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetSecurityDescriptorDacl Lib "advapi32.dll" (pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, lpbDaclPresent As Long, pDacl As Long, lpbDaclDefaulted As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetFileSecurityN Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "GetFileSecurityA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal RequestedInformation As Long, ByVal pSecurityDescriptor As Long, ByVal nLength As Long, lpnLengthNeeded As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetFileSecurity Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "GetFileSecurityA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal RequestedInformation As Long, pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, ByVal nLength As Long, lpnLengthNeeded As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetAclInformation Lib "advapi32.dll" (ByVal pAcl As Long, pAclInformation As Any, ByVal nAclInformationLength As Long, ByVal dwAclInformationClass As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function EqualSid Lib "advapi32.dll" (pSid1 As Byte, ByVal pSid2 As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetLengthSid Lib "advapi32.dll" (pSid As Any) As Long
Declare Function InitializeAcl Lib "advapi32.dll" (pAcl As Byte, ByVal nAclLength As Long, ByVal dwAclRevision As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetAce Lib "advapi32.dll" (ByVal pAcl As Long, ByVal dwAceIndex As Long, pace As Any) As Long
Declare Function AddAce Lib "advapi32.dll" (ByVal pAcl As Long, ByVal dwAceRevision As Long, ByVal dwStartingAceIndex As Long, ByVal pAceList As Long, ByVal nAceListLength As Long) As Long
Declare Function AddAccessAllowedAce Lib "advapi32.dll" (pAcl As Byte, ByVal dwAceRevision As Long, ByVal AccessMask As Long, pSid As Byte) As Long
Public Declare Function AddAccessDeniedAce Lib "advapi32.dll" (pAcl As Byte, ByVal dwAceRevision As Long, ByVal AccessMask As Long, pSid As Byte) As Long
Declare Function SetSecurityDescriptorDacl Lib "advapi32.dll" (pSecurityDescriptor As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR, ByVal bDaclPresent As Long, pDacl As Byte, ByVal bDaclDefaulted As Long) As Long
Declare Function SetFileSecurity Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "SetFileSecurityA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, ByVal SecurityInformation As Long, pSecurityDescriptor As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR) As Long
Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (hpvDest As Any, ByVal hpvSource As Long, ByVal cbCopy As Long)
Public Sub SetAccess(sUserName As String, sFileName As String, lMask As Long)
   Dim lResult As Long            ' Result of various API calls.
   Dim I As Integer               ' Used in looping.
   Dim bUserSid(255) As Byte      ' This will contain your SID.
   Dim bTempSid(255) As Byte      ' This will contain the Sid of each ACE in the ACL .
   Dim sSystemName As String      ' Name of this computer system.

   Dim lSystemNameLength As Long  ' Length of string that contains
                                  ' the name of this system.

   Dim lLengthUserName As Long    ' Max length of user name.

   'Dim sUserName As String * 255  ' String to hold the current user
                                  ' name.


   Dim lUserSID As Long           ' Used to hold the SID of the
                                  ' current user.

   Dim lTempSid As Long            ' Used to hold the SID of each ACE in the ACL
   Dim lUserSIDSize As Long          ' Size of the SID.
   Dim sDomainName As String * 255   ' Domain the user belongs to.
   Dim lDomainNameLength As Long     ' Length of domain name needed.

   Dim lSIDType As Long              ' The type of SID info we are
                                     ' getting back.

   Dim sFileSD As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR   ' SD of the file we want.

   Dim bSDBuf() As Byte           ' Buffer that holds the security
                                  ' descriptor for this file.

   Dim lFileSDSize As Long           ' Size of the File SD.
   Dim lSizeNeeded As Long           ' Size needed for SD for file.


   Dim sNewSD As SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR ' New security descriptor.

   Dim sACL As ACL                   ' Used in grabbing the DACL from
                                     ' the File SD.

   Dim lDaclPresent As Long          ' Used in grabbing the DACL from
                                     ' the File SD.

   Dim lDaclDefaulted As Long        ' Used in grabbing the DACL from
                                     ' the File SD.

   Dim sACLInfo As ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION  ' Used in grabbing the ACL
                                         ' from the File SD.

   Dim lACLSize As Long           ' Size of the ACL structure used
                                  ' to get the ACL from the File SD.

   Dim pAcl As Long               ' Current ACL for this file.
   Dim lNewACLSize As Long        ' Size of new ACL to create.
   Dim bNewACL() As Byte          ' Buffer to hold new ACL.

   Dim sCurrentACE As ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE    ' Current ACE.
   Dim pCurrentAce As Long                  ' Our current ACE.

   Dim nRecordNumber As Long

   ' Get the SID of the user. (Refer to the MSDN for more information on SIDs
   ' and their function/purpose in the operating system.) Get the SID of this
   ' user by using the LookupAccountName API. In order to use the SID
   ' of the current user account, call the LookupAccountName API
   ' twice. The first time is to get the required sizes of the SID
   ' and the DomainName string. The second call is to actually get
   ' the desired information.

   lResult = LookupAccountName(vbNullString, sUserName, _
      bUserSid(0), 255, sDomainName, lDomainNameLength, _
      lSIDType)

   ' Now set the sDomainName string buffer to its proper size before
   ' calling the API again.
   sDomainName = Space(lDomainNameLength)

   ' Call the LookupAccountName again to get the actual SID for user.
   lResult = LookupAccountName(vbNullString, sUserName, _
      bUserSid(0), 255, sDomainName, lDomainNameLength, _
      lSIDType)

   ' Return value of zero means the call to LookupAccountName failed;
   ' test for this before you continue.
     If (lResult = 0) Then
        MsgBox "Error: Unable to Lookup the Current User Account: " _
           & sUserName
        Exit Sub
     End If

   ' You now have the SID for the user who is logged on.
   ' The SID is of interest since it will get the security descriptor
   ' for the file that the user is interested in.
   ' The GetFileSecurity API will retrieve the Security Descriptor
   ' for the file. However, you must call this API twice: once to get
   ' the proper size for the Security Descriptor and once to get the
   ' actual Security Descriptor information.

   lResult = GetFileSecurityN(sFileName, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, _
      0, 0, lSizeNeeded)

   ' Redimension the Security Descriptor buffer to the proper size.
   ReDim bSDBuf(lSizeNeeded)

   ' Now get the actual Security Descriptor for the file.
   lResult = GetFileSecurity(sFileName, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, _
      bSDBuf(0), lSizeNeeded, lSizeNeeded)

   ' A return code of zero means the call failed; test for this
   ' before continuing.
   If (lResult = 0) Then
      MsgBox "Error: Unable to Get the File Security Descriptor"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' Call InitializeSecurityDescriptor to build a new SD for the
   ' file.
   lResult = InitializeSecurityDescriptor(sNewSD, _
      SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION)

   ' A return code of zero means the call failed; test for this
   ' before continuing.
   If (lResult = 0) Then
      MsgBox "Error: Unable to Initialize New Security Descriptor"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' You now have the file's SD and a new Security Descriptor
   ' that will replace the current one. Next, pull the DACL from
   ' the SD. To do so, call the GetSecurityDescriptorDacl API
   ' function.

   lResult = GetSecurityDescriptorDacl(bSDBuf(0), lDaclPresent, _
      pAcl, lDaclDefaulted)

   ' A return code of zero means the call failed; test for this
   ' before continuing.
   If (lResult = 0) Then
      MsgBox "Error: Unable to Get DACL from File Security " _
         & "Descriptor"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' You have the file's SD, and want to now pull the ACL from the
   ' SD. To do so, call the GetACLInformation API function.
   ' See if ACL exists for this file before getting the ACL
   ' information.
   If (lDaclPresent = False) Then
      MsgBox "Error: No ACL Information Available for this File"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' Attempt to get the ACL from the file's Security Descriptor.
   lResult = GetAclInformation(pAcl, sACLInfo, Len(sACLInfo), 2&)

   ' A return code of zero means the call failed; test for this
   ' before continuing.
   If (lResult = 0) Then
      MsgBox "Error: Unable to Get ACL from File Security Descriptor"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' Now that you have the ACL information, compute the new ACL size
   ' requirements.
   lNewACLSize = sACLInfo.AclBytesInUse + (Len(sCurrentACE) + _
      GetLengthSid(bUserSid(0))) * 2 - 4

   ' Resize our new ACL buffer to its proper size.
   ReDim bNewACL(lNewACLSize)

   ' Use the InitializeAcl API function call to initialize the new
   ' ACL.
   lResult = InitializeAcl(bNewACL(0), lNewACLSize, ACL_REVISION)

   ' A return code of zero means the call failed; test for this
   ' before continuing.
   If (lResult = 0) Then
      MsgBox "Error: Unable to Initialize New ACL"
      Exit Sub
   End If

   ' If a DACL is present, copy it to a new DACL.
   If (lDaclPresent) Then

      ' Copy the ACEs from the file to the new ACL.
      If (sACLInfo.AceCount > 0) Then

         ' Grab each ACE and stuff them into the new ACL.
         nRecordNumber = 0
         For I = 0 To (sACLInfo.AceCount - 1)

            ' Attempt to grab the next ACE.
            lResult = GetAce(pAcl, I, pCurrentAce)

            ' Make sure you have the current ACE under question.
            If (lResult = 0) Then
               MsgBox "Error: Unable to Obtain ACE (" & I & ")"
               Exit Sub
            End If

            ' You have a pointer to the ACE. Place it
            ' into a structure, so you can get at its size.
            CopyMemory sCurrentACE, pCurrentAce, LenB(sCurrentACE)

            'Skip adding the ACE to the ACL if this is same usersid
            lTempSid = pCurrentAce + 8
            If EqualSid(bUserSid(0), lTempSid) = 0 Then

                ' Now that you have the ACE, add it to the new ACL.
                lResult = AddAce(VarPtr(bNewACL(0)), ACL_REVISION, _
                  MAXDWORD, pCurrentAce, _
                  sCurrentACE.Header.AceSize)

                 ' Make sure you have the current ACE under question.
                 If (lResult = 0) Then
                   MsgBox "Error: Unable to Add ACE to New ACL"
                    Exit Sub
                 End If
                 nRecordNumber = nRecordNumber + 1
            End If

         Next I

         ' You have now rebuilt a new ACL and want to add it to
         ' the newly created DACL.
         lResult = AddAccessAllowedAce(bNewACL(0), ACL_REVISION, _
            lMask, bUserSid(0))

         ' Make sure added the ACL to the DACL.
         If (lResult = 0) Then
            MsgBox "Error: Unable to Add ACL to DACL"
            Exit Sub
         End If

         'If it's directory, we need to add inheritance staff.
         If GetAttr(sFileName) And vbDirectory Then

            ' Attempt to grab the next ACE which is what we just added.
            lResult = GetAce(VarPtr(bNewACL(0)), nRecordNumber, pCurrentAce)

            ' Make sure you have the current ACE under question.
            If (lResult = 0) Then
               MsgBox "Error: Unable to Obtain ACE (" & I & ")"
               Exit Sub
            End If
            ' You have a pointer to the ACE. Place it
            ' into a structure, so you can get at its size.
            CopyMemory sCurrentACE, pCurrentAce, LenB(sCurrentACE)
            sCurrentACE.Header.AceFlags = OBJECT_INHERIT_ACE + INHERIT_ONLY_ACE
            CopyMemory ByVal pCurrentAce, VarPtr(sCurrentACE), LenB(sCurrentACE)

            'add another ACE for files
            lResult = AddAccessAllowedAce(bNewACL(0), ACL_REVISION, _
               lMask, bUserSid(0))

            ' Make sure added the ACL to the DACL.
            If (lResult = 0) Then
               MsgBox "Error: Unable to Add ACL to DACL"
               Exit Sub
            End If

            ' Attempt to grab the next ACE.
            lResult = GetAce(VarPtr(bNewACL(0)), nRecordNumber + 1, pCurrentAce)

            ' Make sure you have the current ACE under question.
            If (lResult = 0) Then
               MsgBox "Error: Unable to Obtain ACE (" & I & ")"
               Exit Sub
            End If

            CopyMemory sCurrentACE, pCurrentAce, LenB(sCurrentACE)
            sCurrentACE.Header.AceFlags = CONTAINER_INHERIT_ACE
            CopyMemory ByVal pCurrentAce, VarPtr(sCurrentACE), LenB(sCurrentACE)
        End If


         ' Set the file's Security Descriptor to the new DACL.
         lResult = SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(sNewSD, 1, _
            bNewACL(0), 0)

         ' Make sure you set the SD to the new DACL.
         If (lResult = 0) Then
            MsgBox "Error: " & _
                "Unable to Set New DACL to Security Descriptor"
            Exit Sub
         End If

         ' The final step is to add the Security Descriptor back to
         ' the file!
         lResult = SetFileSecurity(sFileName, _
            DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, sNewSD)

         ' Make sure you added the Security Descriptor to the file!
         If (lResult = 0) Then
            MsgBox "Error: Unable to Set New Security Descriptor " _
               & " to File : " & sFileName
            MsgBox Err.LastDllError
         Else
            MsgBox "Updated Security Descriptor on File: " _
               & sFileName
         End If

      End If

   End If

End Sub

Functions & Statements

2011-03-28T22:19:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

Visual Basic provides more than 200 built-in statements and functions. Some are used frequently; some are seldom used at all. Even experienced programmers sometimes happen upon a statement or function they didn't know about.

This appendix can be considered a quick-reference guide to all of VB's built-in statements and functions. It offers the syntax for each, as well as a brief description of what it does and how its arguments (if any) are used. This is by no means a complete reference. Microsoft's Visual Basic 6.0 Language Reference is probably the best source for in-depth information on VB's statements and functions. If you have any questions about syntax or use of a particular statement or function, then you are strongly urged to consult that reference to obtain additional information.


Functions and Statements
Abs Function
Abs(number)

Returns the absolute value of number. The data type returned is the same as the data type of the number argument.


AppActivate Statement
AppActivate title[,wait]

Activates the application window that has the string title in its title bar or, alternatively, the task ID specified by title. The optional wait argument (Boolean) can be used to specify whether the calling application should wait until it has the focus before the application window is activated.


Array Function
Array(arglist)

Returns a Variant data item that contains an array. arglist refers to a comma-delimited list of values that make up the elements of the array, with the first value corresponding to the first element of the array, the second value corresponding to the second element of the array, and so on.


Asc Function
Asc(string)

Returns an Integer value that represents the ASCII code for the first character in the string.


Atn Function
Atn(number)

Returns a Double value that is the arctangent of number.


Beep Statement
Beep

Sounds a tone through the PC's speaker. Frequency and duration of the tone may vary from system to system.


Call Statement
[Call] name [argumentlist]

Executes a sub, function, or DLL procedure. The name argument specifies the name of the procedure to call, and argumentlist is an optional list of arguments that will be passed to the called procedure. The Call keyword is optional, but if it is included, then at least one or more arguments for argumentlist must also be included.


CBool Function
CBool(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Boolean data type. The argument expression can be any valid string or numeric expression.


CByte Function
CByte(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Byte data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value between 0 and 255.


CCur Function
CCur(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Currency data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value between -922,337,203,685,477.5808 and 922,337,203,685,477.5807.


CDate Function
CDate(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Date data type. The argument expression must be a valid date expression.


CDbl Function
CDbl(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Double data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value between -1.79769313486232E308 and -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values, or between 4.94065645841247E-324 and 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values.


CDec Function
CDec(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Decimal data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value of +/-79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335 for zero-scaled numbers (numbers with no decimal places), or +/-7.9228162514264337593543950335 for numbers with 28 decimal places.


ChDir Statement
ChDir path

Changes the current directory to the one specified by the path argument. Note that although ChDir changes the default directory, it does not change the default drive as well.


ChDrive Statement
ChDrive drive

Changes the current drive to the one specified by the drive argument.


Choose Function
Choose(index, choice-1[, choice-2, ... [, choice-n]])

Returns a value from a list of choices (specified by the arguments choice-1 through choice-n) based on the value of the index argument. If index is 1, then the value returned by the Choose function will be the value represented by choice-1; if index is 2, then the value returned will be that of choice-2; and so on.


Chr Function
Chr(charcode)

Returns a one-character String value that represents the ASCII character of the number specified by the charcode argument.


CInt Function
CInt(expression)

Converts the value of expression to an Integer data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value from -32,768 to 32,767. Fractions are rounded.


CLng Function
CLng(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Long data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. Fractions are rounded.


Close Statement
Close [filenumberlist]

Closes any files opened with the Open statement that corre- spond to the file numbers specified by filenumberlist. The filenumberlist argument can contain a single file number (for example, #1) or multiple file numbers (for example, #1, #4, #5). If the filenumberlist argument is omitted, all open files will be closed.


Command Function
Command

Returns any command-line arguments specified when launching Visual Basic. For compiled programs, Command returns the command-line arguments specified when the program was launched.


Const Statement
[Public | Private] Const constname [As type] = expression

Declares a constant with the name constname and the value represented by expression. The Public and Private keywords define the constant's scope, and the optional As type specifies the constant's data type. If the As type is omitted, the constant will be declared as the data type most appropriate for expression.


Cos Function
Cos(number)

Returns a Double value that is the cosine of the angle specified by the number argument.


CreateObject Function
CreateObject(class)

Creates and returns a reference to an ActiveX object of type class. The class argument should use the syntax appname.objecttype, where appname is the name of the application providing the object, and objecttype is the class of the object to be created.


CSng Function
CSng(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Single data type. The argument expression must be a numeric value from -3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values, or from 1.401298E-45 to 3.402823E38 for positive values.


CStr Function
CStr(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a String data type. The string that CStr returns depends on the data type of the expression argument: For Booleans, CStr returns either True or False; for Dates, CStr returns a date based on the short date format on your system; for Errors, CStr returns the word Error followed by the error number. expression values that are Empty return a zero-length string, and numeric expression values return a string containing the number. A Null expression value will cause a runtime error.


CurDir Function
CurDir[(drive)]

Returns a String value that represents the full path of the current directory. If the drive argument is given, then CurDir returns the directory path of the current directory for that drive.


CVar Function
CVar(expression)

Converts the value of expression to a Variant data type. The argument expression can be either numeric or a string.


CVErr Function
CVErr(errornumber)

Returns a Variant of subtype Error that contains the error number specified by the errornumber argument.


Date Function
Date

Returns a Variant of subtype Date that contains the current system date.


Date Statement
Date = date

Sets the current system date as specified by the date argument. For Windows 95 systems, date must be a valid date between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2099. For Windows NT systems, date must be a valid date between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2079.


DateAdd Function
DateAdd(interval, number, date)

Returns a Variant of subtype Date calculated by taking the date specified by the date argument and adding or subtracting the amount of time specified by interval and time. The interval argument contains a code that represents a unit of time (for example, yyyy for years, m for months, d for days), and number is the number of units to be added to date.


DateDiff Function
DateDiff(interval, date1, date2[,firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]])

Returns a Variant of subtype Long that represents the number of time units between two dates (date1 and date2). The interval argument contains a code that represents the unit of time (for example, yyyy for years) that will be returned by the function. The optional firstdayofweek and firstweekofyear arguments are used to specify how the time difference should be calculated when certain codes are used for interval.


DatePart Function
DatePart(interval, date[,firstdayofweek[,firstweekofyear]])

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that contains the part of date specified by interval. The interval argument contains a code that represents the unit of time (for example, ww for weeks) that will be returned by the function. The optional firstdayofweek and firstweekofyear arguments are used to specify how the date should be calculated when certain interval codes are used.


DateSerial Function
DateSerial(year, month, day)

Returns a Variant of subtype Date that represents a date as specified by the year, month, and day arguments.


DateValue Function
DateValue(date)

Returns a Variant of subtype Date that is derived from the date value specified by the date argument.


Day Function
Day(date)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the day of the month (1[nd]31) for the date value specified by the date argument.


DDB Function
DDB(cost, salvage, life, period[, factor])

Returns a Double value that represents the depreciation of an asset for a specified amount of time using a given method of depreciation. The cost argument represents the initial cost of the asset, salvage represents the value of the asset at the end of its working lifetime, life represents the lifetime of the asset, and period represents the period (in months) for which the depreciation is calculated. The optional factor argument specifies the rate at which the balance declines. If it is omitted, then the double-declining depreciation method is used.


Declare Statement
[Public | Private] Declare Sub name Lib "libname" [Alias _ "aliasname"][([arglist])]

or


[Public | Private] Declare Function name Lib "libname" 
[Alias "aliasname"][([arglist])][As type]

Declares references to Sub or Function procedures in an external DLL (dynamic-link library). The optional Public and Private keywords define the procedure's scope. The name argument is the name of the procedure, and the libname argument specifies the DLL that contains the procedure. The optional aliasname argument specifies an alternate name for the procedure in the DLL. arglist is a list of arguments passed to the procedure. For Function procedures, the As type specifies the data type of the value returned by the Function. Declare statements can only be used at module level.


DefBool Statement
DefBool letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Boolean data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefBool can only be used at module level.


DefByte Statement
DefByte letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Byte data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefByte can only be used at module level.


DefCur Statement
DefCur letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Currency data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1 [-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefCur can only be used at module level.


DefDate Statement
DefDate letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Date data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefDate can only be used at module level.


DefDbl Statement
DefDbl letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Double data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefDbl can only be used at module level.


DefDec Statement
DefDec letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Decimal data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefDec can only be used at module level.


DefInt Statement
DefInt letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Integer data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefInt can only be used at module level.


DefLng Statement
DefLng letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Long data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefLng can only be used at module level.


DefObj Statement
DefObj letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Object data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefObj can only be used at module level.


DefSng Statement
DefSng letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Single data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefSng can only be used at module level.


DefStr Statement
DefStr letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the String data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefStr can only be used at module level.


DefVar Statement
DefVar letterrange[, letterrange]...

Specifies that all variables and function return values that begin with the letters specified by the letterrange arguments are automatically defined to be of the Variant data type. The letterrange arguments should be constructed as letter1[-letter2], where letter1 is the first (or only) letter in the range, and letter2 is the last letter in the range. DefVar can only be used at module level.


DeleteSetting Statement
DeleteSetting appname, section[, key]

Deletes an application's section or key setting entries from the System Registry. The appname argument specifies the name of the application, and section is the name of the section to be deleted. If the optional key argument is used, then only that key (and not the whole section) will be deleted.


Dim Statement
Dim [WithEvents] varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type] [,[WithEvents] 
varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type]]...

Declares one or more variables or objects. The varname argument is the name of the variable, and the optional As [New] type indicates its data type. If the New keyword is used, then an implicit creation of the object is made. The optional WithEvents keyword (valid only when the Dim statement is used in class modules) indicates that varname is an object variable as is used to respond to events triggered by an ActiveX object. The optional subscripts are the dimensions of an array variable.


Dir Function
Dir[(pathname[, attributes])]

Returns a String value containing the name of a file, directory, or folder that matches a pattern (specified in the pathname argument) and/or a file attribute (specified in attributes). The first time the Dir function is called, it returns the name of a file based on the pathname and attributes arguments. If the function is called again and no arguments are given, then it returns the second file name for the given pathname and attributes, and so on.


Do...Loop Statement
Do [{While | Until} condition]
   [statements]
   [Exit Do]
   [statements]
Loop

or


Do
   [statements]
   [Exit Do]
   [statements]
Loop [{While | Until} condition]

Repeats one or more statements while a condition is True or until a condition becomes True. The optional Exit Do keywords pass control to the line of code immediately following the Do...Loop structure.


DoEvents Function
DoEvents( )

Temporarily gives control to the operating system so that it can process other events. The DoEvents function is typically used inside loops so that a program does not tie up system resources for a long period of time.


End Statement
End
End Function
End If
End Property
End Select
End Sub
End Type
End With

Ends a program (End), procedure (End Function, End Property, or End Sub), type structure (End Type), or program block (End If, End Select, or End With).


Enum Statement
[Public | Private] Enum name
    membername [= constantexpression]
    membername [= constantexpression]
      ...
End Enum

Declares an enumeration type named name that is composed of one or more members specified by membername. Members can be assigned values using constantexpression. The optional Public and Private keywords define the enumeration's scope.


Environ Function
Environ({envstring | number})

Returns the String value of the operating system variable specified by envstring or, alternatively, the numeric order of the environment string in the environment-string table specified by number.


EOF Function
EOF(filenumber)

Returns a True or False value (Integer) that indicates whether the end of file marker has been reached for the Random or Input file associated with the filenumber argument.


Erase Statement
Erase arraylist

Reinitializes the elements in one or more fixed-size array and frees up the dynamic-array storage space that was taken up by the array(s). The arraylist argument is one or more comma-delimited array names.


Error Function
Error[(errornumber)]

Returns a String value that contains the error message that corresponds to the errornumber argument.


Error Statement
Error errornumber

Causes an error to occur. The errornumber argument indicates the type of error that should occur.


Event Statement
[Public] Event procedurename [(arglist)]

Declares a user-defined event with the name procedurename. The optional Public keyword indicates that the Event should be visible throughout the project, even though that is the default. The optional argument list (arglist) should contain one or more arguments defined using the syntax:


   [ByVal | ByRef] varname[()] [As type]

where varname is the name of the argument, As type indicates the data type of the argument, and the optional ByRef or ByVal keywords specify whether the argument should be passed by reference (ByRef) or by value (ByVal). If ByRef and ByVal are not specified, then the argument will be passed by reference.


Exit Statement
Exit Do
Exit For
Exit Function
Exit Property
Exit Sub

Exits a procedure (Exit Function, Exit Property, or Exit Sub) or looping structure (Exit Do or Exit For).


Exp Function
Exp(number)

Returns a Double value that is e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power specified by number.


FileAttr Function
FileAttr(filenumber, returntype)

Returns a Long value that indicates the file mode for a file opened using the Open statement. The argument filenumber is the file number for the open file, and returntype indicates the type of information to be returned. Although returntype can be set to 2 to return the operating system file handle for the open file, it only works on 16-bit systems and should be avoided in VB5. Instead, use a value of 1 for returntype to return the open file type. The possible values returned by the FileAttr function for indicating file type are: 1 for Input, 2 for Output, 4 for Random, 8 for Append, and 32 for Binary.


FileCopy Statement
FileCopy source, destination

Copies the filename and path specified by the source argument to the filename and path specified by the destination argument.


FileDateTime Function
FileDateTime(pathname)

Returns a Variant of subtype Date that indicates the date and time when the file specified by the pathname argument was last modified.


FileLen Function
FileLen(pathname)

Returns a Long value that contains the file size (in bytes) of the file specified by the pathname argument.


Fix Function
Fix(number)

Returns the integer portion of the number specified by the number argument. If number is negative, then Fix returns the first negative integer greater than or equal to number.


For Each...Next Statement
For Each element In group
    [statements]
    [Exit For]
    [statements]
Next [element]

Executes one or more statements for each element in the array or collection specified by group. The optional Exit For can be used to immediately exit the looping structure.


For...Next Statement
For counter = start To end [Step step]
    [statements]
    [Exit For]
    [statements]
Next [counter]

Executes one or more statements a specified number of times. The counter argument is a variable used to increment from start to end. By default, counter is incremented by 1 each time the loop is executed, although the optional step argument can be used to specify a different increment. The optional Exit For can be used to immediately exit the looping structure.


Format Function
Format(expression[, format[, firstdayofweek[, _  firstweekofyear]]])

Returns a Variant of subtype String that contains the value specified by expression using a format defined by the format argument. The format argument uses codes (for example, d for days or # for numbers) to determine how expression will be formatted. The optional firstdayofweek and firstweekofyear arguments are used when formatting certain values.


FreeFile Function
FreeFile[(rangenumber)]

Returns an Integer value the represents the next file number available for use with the Open statement. The optional rangenumber argument can be used to specify which range of file numbers should be used: 0 (the default) for file numbers in the range of 1-255, or 1 for file numbers in the range of 256-511.


Function Statement
[Public | Private | Friend] [Static] Function name _ [(arglist)] [As type]
    [statements]
    [name = expression]
    [Exit Function]
    [statements]
    [name = expression]
End Function

Declares the various parts of a Function procedure. The optional Public, Private, and Friend keywords can be used to define the Function's scope, and the optional Static keyword indicates that the procedure's local variables are preserved between calls to the Function. The name argument specifies the name of the Function procedure and can be assigned a value (name = expression) that will be returned by the procedure. The data type of the return value can be specified using the As type clause. The optional Exit Function can be used to exit the Function procedure immediately.

The optional list of arguments (arglist) defines the arguments that will be passed to the procedure. The arguments should use the following syntax:


[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[()] [As _ type] [= default value]

where the Optional keyword can be used to specify that the argument is not required (default value assigns the argument's default value), ByVal and ByRef determine whether the argument should be passed by value or by reference (the default), and the ParamArray keyword specifies that the argument is an Optional array of Variant elements. ParamArray can only be used with the last argument in the argument list.


FV Function
FV(rate, nper, pmt[, pv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the future value of an annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payment amounts (pmt) and a fixed interest rate (rate). The optional pv argument specifies a present value or lump sum of a series of future payments, and the optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


Get Statement
Get [#]filenumber,[ recnumber,] varname

Reads data from the open disk file corresponding to the filenumber argument into a variable (varname). Get works with files open as Random or Binary, and a record number (recnumber) can be specified when retrieving data from a Random file. When using Binary files, recnumber can alternatively be used to specify the byte position from which the data is to be read.


GetAllSettings Function
GetAllSettings(appname, section)

Returns a list of key settings and their values from a specific application (appname) entry and section (section) in the System Registry.


GetAttr Function
GetAttr(pathname)

Returns an Integer value that represents the attributes for the file, directory, or folder specified by the pathname argument. The value returned can be compared bitwise with several VB constants (vbNormal, vbReadOnly, vbHidden, vbSystem, vbDirectory, and vbArchive) to determine which attributes are set.


GetAutoServerSettings Function
object.GetAutoServerSettings([progid], [clsid])

Returns a Variant array that contains information concerning the state of an ActiveX object's registration. The optional progid and clsid can be included to specify the object's ProgID and CLSID, respectively. The values of the elements of the Variant array that are returned by GetAutoServerSettings are, in order: local/remote registration of object (True if the object is registered remotely), the remote machine name, the RPC network protocol name, and the RPC authentication level.


GetObject Function
GetObject([pathname] [,class])

Returns a reference to an object of type class. The pathname argument can be included to specify the path and filename from which the object should be retrieved; however, if it is omitted, then the class name must be specified.


GetSetting Function
GetSetting(appname, section, key[, default])

Returns a single key setting value from a specific application (appname) entry and section (section) in the System Registry. If no value is set for the key setting specified, then the optional default value can be returned. If default is omitted, then the default value returned will be a zero-length string.


GoSub...Return Statement
GoSub line
    ...
    line
    ...
Return

Transfers program control to the subroutine indicated by the line label or line number line until the Return statement is reached; then returns control to the line of code immediately following the GoSub statement.


GoTo Statement
GoTo line

Transfers program control to the line of code specified by the line label or line number line. The line must be inside the procedure that contains the GoTo statement.


Hex Function
Hex(number)

Returns a String value that represents the hexadecimal value of the argument number.


Hour Function
Hour(time)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the hour (0[nd]23) of the time value specified by the time argument.


If...Then...Else Statement
If condition Then [statements] [Else elsestatements]

or


If condition Then
    [statements]
[ElseIf condition-n Then
    [elseifstatements] ...
[Else
    [elsestatements]]
End If

Conditionally executes one or more statements if the value expressed by condition is True. One or more ElseIf clauses can be included to test other conditions and execute other statements (elseifstatements) if the preceding condition is False. An Else clause can also be included to execute other statements (elsestatements) if none of the preceding conditions are True.


IIf Function
IIf(expression, truepart, falsepart)

Returns one of two values based on whether expression evaluates to True or False. If True, then IIf returns the truepart value; if False, then the falsepart value is returned.


IMEStatus Function
IMEStatus

Returns an Integer value that represents Windows' current Input Method Editor (IME) mode. IMEStatus is only available in Far East versions.


Implements Statement
Implements [interfacename | class]

Specifies an interface (interfacename) or class (class) that will be implemented in the class module in which the Implements statement is used.


Input # Statement
Input #filenumber, varlist

Reads data from the open file associated with the filenumber argument and places it in the variables in the varlist argument. The varlist argument should contain one or more comma-delimited variables.


Input Function
Input(number, [#]filenumber)

Returns a String value containing characters read in from the open file that corresponds to the filenumber argument. The number of characters to be read in are specified by the number argument.


InputBox Function
InputBox(prompt[, title][, default][, xpos][, _ ypos][,helpfile, context])

Displays a dialog box and waits for the user to enter text or click a button; then returns what the user entered in a String value. The prompt argument specifies the message to be displayed in the dialog box, title specifies an optional caption for the dialog box's title bar, and default specifies the optional default value returned by the InputBox function if no value is entered by the user. The optional xpos and ypos arguments specify (in twips) the horizontal and vertical position of the dialog box on the screen. The optional helpfile and context arguments are used to provide context-sensitive Help for the dialog box.


InStr Function
InStr([start, ]string1, string2[, compare])

Returns a Variant of subtype Long that specifies the starting position of the first occurrence of a substring (string2) within another string (string1). The optional start argument specifies from which character in string2 to start searching; the default is 1 (first character). The optional compare argument specifies the type of string comparison that will be made (0 for binary or 1 for textual noncase-sensitive).


Int Function
Int(number)

Returns the integer portion of the number specified by the number argument. If number is negative, then Int returns the first negative integer less than or equal to number.


IPmt Function
IPmt(rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the interest payment for a fixed-period annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payments (per) and a fixed interest rate (rate). The pv argument specifies the present value of a series of payments or receipts. The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


IRR Function
IRR(values()[, guess])

Returns a Double value indicating the internal rate of return for an array of values that represent cash flow. The values() array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and one positive value (receipt). The optional guess argument specifies an estimate value to be returned by IRR (default estimate is .1).


IsArray Function
IsArray(varname)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the variable specified by varname is an array.


IsDate Function
IsDate(expression)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether expression is capable of being converted to a date value.


IsEmpty Function
IsEmpty(expression)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a numeric or string expression has been initialized.


IsError Function
IsError(expression)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a given expression is an error value.


IsMissing Function
IsMissing(argname)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether an optional Variant argument (argname) has been passed to a procedure. IsMissing returns True if no value has been provided for the specified argument.


IsNull Function
IsNull(expression)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a given expression contains no data and is Null.


IsNumeric Function
IsNumeric(expression)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a given expression can be evaluated as a numeric value.


IsObject Function
IsObject(identifier)

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a given identifier represents an object variable.


Kill Statement
Kill pathname

Deletes the file(s) or directory represented by the pathname argument. Filenames in the pathname argument can contain wildcards, allowing multiple files to be deleted.


LBound Function
LBound(arrayname[, dimension])

Returns a Long value that represents the smallest subscript for a dimensioned array (arrayname). For multidimensional arrays, the dimension argument can be included to specify which dimension should be used.


LCase Function
LCase(string)

Converts a string to all lowercase characters and returns a new String value.


Left Function
Left(string, length)

Returns a String value length characters long that is taken from the left side of a given string.


Len Function
Len(string | varname)

Returns a Long value that indicates the number of characters in a string or, alternatively, the number of bytes required to store a particular variable (varname).


Let Statement
[Let] varname = expression

Assigns the value of an expression to a variable (varname). The Let keyword is usually omitted and is assumed by Visual Basic.


Line Input # Statement
Line Input #filenumber, varname

Reads a line of data (ending with a carriage return or carriage return-linefeed) from an open disk file corresponding to the filenumber argument. The data is placed in the String or Variant variable specified by varname.


Load Statement
Load object

Loads an object, such as a form or control, into memory.


LoadPicture Function
LoadPicture([stringexpression])

Loads the image specified by the stringexpression argument and returns it. This allows pictures to be loaded in and assigned to a Form's Picture property, a PictureBox control, or an Image control. If no stringexpression argument is given, then LoadPicture returns an empty picture.


LoadResData Function
LoadResData(index, format)

Loads data from the resource (.RES) file with the identifier of the index argument. The format argument specifies the format of the data (1 for cursors, 2 for bitmaps, 3 for icons, 4 for menus, 5 for dialog boxes, 6 for strings, 7 for font directories, 8 for fonts, 9 for accelerator tables, 10 for user-defined resources, 12 for group cursors, and 14 for group icons). The data returned by the LoadResData function can be assigned to a variable or object of the appropriate type.


LoadResPicture Function
LoadResPicture(index, format)

Loads a bitmap, icon, or cursor from the resource (.RES) file with the identifier of the index argument. The format argument specifies the format of the data (0 for bitmaps, 1 for icons, and 2 for cursors). The data returned by the LoadResPicture function can be assigned to an object of the appropriate type.


LoadResString Function
LoadResString(index)

Loads a string from the resource (.RES) file with the identifier of the index argument. The string that is returned can be assigned to a variable of String or Variant data type.


Loc Function
Loc(filenumber)

Returns a Long value that indicates the current byte position within the open file that corresponds to the filenumber argument.


Lock Statement
Lock [#]filenumber[, recordrange]

Prevents another process from accessing all or part of the open file that corresponds to the filenumber argument. The recordrange argument refers to a range of records (or bytes) that are to be locked and should use the syntax:


recnumber | [start] To end

where recnumber is the record number (for Random files) or byte position (for Binary files) where locking should begin. Alternatively, the starting and ending record numbers or bytes to be locked can be specified using the start and end arguments.


LOF Function
LOF(filenumber)

Returns a Boolean value that represents the byte size of the open file that corresponds to the filenumber argument.


Log Function
Log(number)

Returns a Double value that represents the natural logarithm of a specified number.


LSet Statement
LSet stringvar = string

or


LSet varname1 = varname2

In the first syntax, LSet assigns a string value to a String variable (stringvar), left-aligning the string to the String variable. In the second syntax, LSet copies a variable (varname2) from one user-defined type to a variable (varname1) in another user-defined type.


LTrim Function
LTrim(string)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that contains a copy of a given string with any leading spaces removed.


Mid Function
Mid(string, start[, length])

Returns a String value of one or more characters, taken from the String variable specified by the string argument. The start argument specifies the character position within string where the new String is to be obtained, and the optional length argument specifies how many characters are to be taken from string. If no length is specified, then all the characters in string (starting at the position given in the start argument) are used.


Mid Statement
Mid(stringvar, start[, length]) = string

Replaces one or more characters in a String variable (stringvar) with another string. The start argument specifies the character position within stringvar to place the new string, and the optional length argument specifies how many characters of string should be used. If length is omitted, then the entire string is used.


Minute Function
Minute(time)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the minute (0-59) of the time value specified by the time argument.


MIRR Function
MIRR(values(), financerate, reinvestrate)

Returns a Double value that represents the modified internal rate of return for an array of values that represent cash flow. The values() array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and one positive value (receipt). The financerate argument specifies the interest rate paid as a cost of financing, and the reinvestrate argument specifies the interest rate received on gains from cash reinvestment.


MkDir Statement
MkDir path

Creates the new directory or folder specified by the path argument.


Month Function
Month(date)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the month (1[nd]12) for the date value specified by the date argument.


MsgBox Function
MsgBox(prompt[, buttons][, title][, helpfile, context]

Displays a message in a dialog box with one or more buttons and waits for the user to respond. MsgBox then returns an Integer value that represents the button that was clicked. The prompt argument specifies the message to be displayed in the dialog box, and title specifies an optional caption for the dialog box's title bar. The optional buttons argument specifies which buttons will be displayed. The optional helpfile and context arguments are used to provide context-sensitive Help for the dialog box.


Name Statement
Name oldpathname As newpathname

Renames the file, directory, or folder specified by the oldpathname argument to the name specified by newpathname.


Now Function
Now

Returns a Variant of subtype Date that contains the current system date and time.


NPer Function
NPer(rate, pmt, pv[, fv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the number of periods for an annuity based on periodic fixed payments (pmt) and a fixed interest rate (rate). The pv argument specifies the present value of a series of payments or receipts. The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


NPV Function
NPV(rate, values())

Returns a Double value that represents the present value of an investment based on a discount rate (rate) and an array of values that represent cash flow. The values() array must contain at least one negative value (payment) and one positive value (receipt).


Oct Function
Oct(number)

Returns a String value that represents the octal value of the argument number.


On Error Statement
On Error GoTo line
On Error Resume Next
On Error GoTo 0

Enables or disables the use of an error-handling routine. The On Error statement can specify a line label or line number (specified by the line argument) to branch to when an error occurs, allowing error-handling to be enabled. Alternatively, using On Error Resume Next causes program control to be transferred to the line of code immediately following the line of code that causes an error. Finally, On Error GoTo 0 disables all error-handling.


On...GoSub Statement
On expression GoSub destinationlist

Evaluates a given expression and, depending on its value, transfers program control to a certain subroutine. The possible subroutines are contained in the destinationlist argument, which contains one or more comma-delimited line labels or line numbers. If expression evaluates to 1, then the first subroutine in the destinationlist is used; if it evaluates to 2, then the second subroutine in the destinationlist is used; and so on. Control is transferred to the line of code immediately following the On...GoSub line when a Return statement is encountered.


On...GoTo Statement
On expression GoTo destinationlist

Evaluates a given expression and, depending on its value, transfers program control to a certain line label or line number. The possible transfer points are contained in the destinationlist argument, which contains one or more comma-delimited line labels or line numbers. If expression evaluates to 1, then the first line label in the destinationlist is used; if it evaluates to 2, then the second line label in the destinationlist is used; and so on.


Open Statement
Open pathname For mode [Access access] [lock] As _  [#]filenumber [Len=reclength]

Opens a file for input/output and assigns it to the given filenumber. The pathname argument specifies the name of the file to open, and mode indicates the file mode (Append, Binary, Input, Output, or Random). The optional Access clause can be used to specify permissions for the file (Read, Write, or Read Write). The optional lock argument can specify the operations that can be performed on the file by other processes (Shared, Lock Read, Lock Write, or Lock Read Write). The reclength argument can be used to specify the record size for random files or the buffer size for sequential files.


Option Base Statement
Option Base [0 | 1]

Declares the default lower bound of array subscripts. Option Base can only be used at module level.


Option Compare Statement
Option Compare [Binary | Text | Database]

Declares the default method used for string comparisons. Option Compare can only be used at module level.


Option Explicit Statement
Option Explicit

Forces explicit declaration of all variables in a module. If Option Explicit is not used, undeclared variables are automatically typed as Variants. Option Explicit can only be used at module level.


Option Private Statement
Option Private Module

Prevents a module's contents (that is, variables and objects) from being used outside its project. Option Private is only necessary when working with host applications that allow variables and objects to be referenced across multiple projects.


Partition Function
Partition(number, start, stop, interval)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that describes a range of numbers in which the number argument falls. The start and stop arguments specify the overall range of numbers, which is split up into smaller ranges as specified by the interval argument. The Partition function returns a string representation of the smaller range in which the number can be found, such as " 1: 10" for a number that falls in the range of 1 to 10.


Pmt Function
Pmt(rate, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the payment for an annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate (rate). The pv argument specifies the present value of a series of payments or receipts. The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


PPmt Function
PPmt(rate, per, nper, pv[, fv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the principle payment for a given period (per) of an annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate (rate). The pv argument specifies the present value of a series of payments or receipts. The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


Print # Statement
Print #filenumber, [outputlist]

Writes data to the open sequential file that corresponds to filenumber. The optional outputlist argument can consist of one or more comma-delimited expressions to be written and should use the following syntax:


[{Spc(n) | Tab[(n)]}] [expression][charpos]

where Spc is optionally used to write n spaces, and Tab is optionally used to advance to the nth column number. The expression argument can specify the data to be written, and the charpos argument can specify the insertion point for the next character. If charpos is omitted, the next character will be written on the next line. If it is a semicolon, the next character will be written immediately following the last character.


Private Statement
Private [WithEvents] varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type][,[WithEvents] 
varname[([subscripts])]      [As [New] type]]...

Declares one or more private variables. The varname argument specifies the name of the variable being declared, and subscripts are the dimensions for an array variable. The optional As [New] type clause can be used to specify the variable's data type, with the New keyword enabling implicit creation of an object. The optional WithEvents keyword specifies that the variable being declared is an object variable used to respond to events triggered by an ActiveX object. The Private statement can only be used at module level, and variables declared with it cannot be used outside their own module.


Property Get Statement
[Public | Private | Friend] [Static] Property Get name [(arglist)] [As type]
    [statements]
    [name = expression]
    [Exit Property]
    [statements]
    [name = expression]
End Property

Declares the various parts of a Property Get procedure, which is used to obtain the value of a property. The optional Public, Private, and Friend keywords can be used to define the procedure's scope, and the optional Static keyword indicates that the procedure's local variables are preserved between calls to the procedure. The name argument specifies the name of the property to be retrieved and can be assigned a value (name = expression) that will be returned as the property's value. The data type of the property can be specified using the As type clause. The optional Exit Property can be used to exit the Property Get procedure immediately.

The optional list of arguments (arglist) defines the arguments that will be passed to the procedure. The arguments should use the following syntax:


[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[()]     [As type] [= default value]

where the Optional keyword can be used to specify that the argument is not required (default value assigns the argument's default value), ByVal and ByRef determine whether the argument should be passed by value or by reference (the default), and the ParamArray keyword specifies that the argument is an Optional array of Variant elements. ParamArray can only be used with the last argument in the argument list.


Property Let Statement
[Public | Private | Friend] [Static] Property Let name ([arglist,] value)
    [statements]
    [Exit Property]
    [statements]
End Property

Declares the various parts of a Property Let procedure, which is used to assign a value to a property. The optional Public, Private, and Friend keywords can be used to define the procedure's scope, and the optional Static keyword indicates that the procedure's local variables are preserved between calls to the procedure. The name argument specifies the name of the property being referenced, and value indicates the value to be assigned to the property. The optional Exit Property can be used to exit the Property Let procedure immediately.

The optional list of arguments (arglist) defines the arguments that will be passed to the procedure. The arguments should use the following syntax:


[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[()]     [As type] [= default value]

where the Optional keyword can be used to specify that the argument is not required (default value assigns the argument's default value), ByVal and ByRef determine whether the argument should be passed by value or by reference (the default), and the ParamArray keyword specifies that the argument is an Optional array of Variant elements. ParamArray can only be used with the last argument in the argument list.


Property Set Statement
[Public | Private | Friend] [Static] Property Set name ([arglist,] reference)
    [statements]
    [Exit Property]
    [statements]
End Property

Declares the various parts of a Property Set procedure, which is used to set a reference to an object. The optional Public, Private, and Friend keywords can be used to define the procedure's scope, and the optional Static keyword indicates that the procedure's local variables are preserved between calls to the procedure. The name argument specifies the name of the property being used, and reference indicates the object reference to be set to the property. The optional Exit Property can be used to exit the Property Set procedure immediately.

The optional list of arguments (arglist) defines the arguments that will be passed to the procedure. The arguments should use the following syntax:


[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[()] [As type] [= default value]

where the Optional keyword can be used to specify that the argument is not required (default value assigns the argument's default value), ByVal and ByRef determine whether the argument should be passed by value or by reference (the default), and the ParamArray keyword specifies that the argument is an Optional array of Variant elements. ParamArray can only be used with the last argument in the argument list.


Public Statement
Public [WithEvents] varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type][,[WithEvents] 
varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type]]...

Declares one or more public variables. The varname argument specifies the name of the variable being declared, and subscripts are the dimensions for an array variable. The optional As [New] type clause can be used to specify the variable's data type, with the New keyword enabling implicit creation of an object. The optional WithEvents keyword specifies that the variable being declared is an object variable used to respond to events triggered by an ActiveX object. The Public statement can only be used at module level, and variables declared with it can be used outside their own module.


Put Statement
Put [#]filenumber, [recnumber], varname

Writes data to the open disk file corresponding to the filenumber argument from a variable (varname). Put works with files open as Random or Binary, and a record number (recnumber) can be specified when writing data to a Random file. When using Binary files, recnumber can alternatively be used to specify the byte position at which the data is to be written.


PV Function
PV(rate, nper, pmt[, fv[, type]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the present value of an annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payments (pmt) and a fixed interest rate (rate). The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period).


QBColor Function
QBColor(color)

Returns a Long value that represents the RGB color code that corresponds to a given color number (0[nd]15) of the color palette used in Microsoft QuickBasic.


RaiseEvent Function
RaiseEvent eventname [(argumentlist)]

Triggers an event. The optional argumentlist specifies one or more comma-delimited arguments to be passed to the event procedure. The event procedure must be declared in the same module as the RaiseEvent function or an error will occur.


Randomize Statement
Randomize [number]

Initializes the random number generator, using the optional number argument as a seed value.


Rate Function
Rate(nper, pmt, pv[, fv[, type[, guess]]])

Returns a Double value that indicates the fixed interest rate per period for an annuity based on a number (nper) of periodic fixed payments (pmt). The optional fv argument specifies the future value or cash balance left after the final payment. The optional type argument specifies when payments are due (0 for end of the payment period, the default; 1 for beginning of the payment period). The optional guess argument specifies an estimate value to be returned by Rate (default estimate is .1).


ReDim Statement
ReDim [Preserve] varname(subscripts) [As type] [, varname(subscripts) [As type]]...

Redimensions one or more dynamic array variables and reallocates their storage space. The optional Preserve keyword can be used to keep the contents of the array intact when it is being redimensioned. The varname argument is the name of the variable, and the optional As type clause indicates its data type. The subscripts are the dimensions of the array variable.


Rem Statement
Rem comments

Allows comments to be added to a program. Everything on the line after the Rem statement is ignored by Visual Basic. An apostrophe (`) can also be used in lieu of the Rem statement.


Reset Statement
Reset

Closes all files opened with the Open statement and writes any file buffer contents to disk.


Resume Statement
Resume [0]
Resume Next
Resume line

Resumes execution of a program when an error-handling routine is finished. Resume by itself causes execution to resume with the statement that caused the error or, if the error occurred in a called procedure, the statement that last called out of the error-handling procedure. Resume Next causes execution to resume with the statement immediately following the one that caused the error. Resume line transfers control to the line label or line number specified by the line argument.


RGB Function
RGB(red, green, blue)

Returns a Long value that represents an RGB color value as specified by the red, green, and blue color components passed to the RGB function. All color components should be Integers in the 0[nd]255 range.


Right Function
Right(string, length)

Returns a String value length characters long that is taken from the right side of a given string.


RmDir Statement
RmDir path

Removes the directory or folder specified by the path argument.


Rnd Function
Rnd[(number)]

Returns a Single value that contains a randomly generated number less than 1 but greater than or equal to zero. The optional number argument can be used to determine how Rnd generates the random number.


RSet Statement
RSet stringvar = string

Assigns a string value to a String variable (stringvar), right-aligning the string to the String variable.


RTrim Function
RTrim(string)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that contains a copy of a given string with any trailing spaces removed.


SavePicture Statement
SavePicture picture, stringexpression

Saves an graphic image from an object's Picture or Image property to a file. The picture argument specifies the control from which the graphics file is to be created (Picture or Image), and stringexpression specifies the path and filename to which the image is saved.


SaveSetting Statement
SaveSetting appname, section, key, setting

Saves or creates an application (appname) entry, section (section), key setting (key), and value (setting) in the System Registry.


Second Function
Second(time)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the second (0[nd]59) of the time value specified by the time argument.


Seek Function
Seek(filenumber)

Returns a Long value that specifies the current record or byte position for the open file associated with filenumber. When dealing with Random files, Seek returns the number of the next record to be read or written. For all other file types, Seek returns a byte position.


Seek Statement
Seek [#]filenumber, position

Sets the record or byte position of the open file associated with filenumber.


Select Case Statement
Select Case testexpression
    [Case expressionlist-n
        [statements-n]] ...
    [Case Else
        [elsestatements]]
End Select

Evaluates an expression (testexpression) and, depending on the result, executes one or more statements (statements-n) that correspond to the expression's value (expressionlist-n). In other words, the value of testexpression is compared with one or more other values (expressionlist-n), and whichever matches gets its statements (statements-n) executed. If there are no matches, an optional Case Else set of statements (elsestatements) is executed.


SendKeys Statement
Generates one or more keystrokes as if they came from the keyboard. The string argument determines which keystrokes to send, and the optional Wait argument (Boolean) specifies whether keystrokes must be processed before control is returned to the procedure. False, the default value, means that control is returned to the procedure immediately after the keystrokes are sent.


Set Statement
Set objectvar = {[New] objectexpression | Nothing}

Assigns an object reference (objectexpression) to a variable or property (objectvar). The optional New keyword can be used to indicate that the object should be created implicitly. To disassociate objectvar with a specific object and free up the resources it is using, assign it the Nothing keyword.


SetAttr Statement
SetAttr pathname, attributes

Sets attributes for the file or directory specified by the pathname argument. The attributes argument can use several VB constants (vbNormal, vbReadOnly, vbHidden, vbSystem, vbDirectory, and vbArchive) that can be combined bitwise to determine which attributes are set.


Sgn Function
Sgn(number)

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that represents the sign of a given number.


Shell Function
Shell(pathname[, windowstyle])

Runs the executable program specified by the pathname argument and returns a Variant of subtype Double that represents the program's task ID. If Shell is unsuccessful, it returns zero. The optional windowstyle argument determines the style of the window in which the shelled program runs.


Sin Function
Sin(number)

Returns a Double value that represents the sine of a given angle (as specified by the number argument).


SLN Function
SLN(cost, salvage, life)

Returns a Double value that represents the straight-line depreciation of an asset when given its initial cost, salvage value at the end of its useful life, and life span.


Space Function
Space(number)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that contains a number of spaces.


Spc Function
Spc(n)

Inserts a specified number of spaces (n) when writing or displaying text using the Print # statement or the Print method.


Sqr Function
Sqr(number)

Returns a Double value that represents the square root of a given number.


Static Statement
Static varname[([subscripts])] [As [New] type] [, varname[([subscripts])] 
[As [New] type] ...

Declares one or more static variables, which retain their values as long as the program is running. The varname argument is the name of the variable, and the optional As [New] type indicates its data type. If the New keyword is used, then an implicit creation of the object is made. The optional subscripts are the dimensions of an array variable.


Stop Statement
Stop

Suspends program execution.


Str Function
Str(number)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that is a representation of a given number.


StrComp Function
StrComp(string1, string2[, compare])

Returns a Variant of subtype Integer that indicates the result of a comparison between two strings (string1 and string2). The optional compare argument specifies how strings are to be compared, with 0 for a binary comparison and 1 for a noncase- sensitive textual comparison.


StrConv Function
StrConv(string, conversion)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that has been converted from an original string as specified by the conversion argument. The conversion argument can use several VB constants to specify the type of conversion, such as vbUpperCase, vbLowerCase, and vbProperCase.


String Function
String(number, character)

Returns a Variant of subtype String that is of the length specified by number and is filled with a given character.


Sub Statement
[Public | Private | Friend] [Static] Sub name [(arglist)]
    [statements]
    [Exit Sub]
    [statements]
End Sub

Declares the various parts of a Sub procedure. The optional Public, Private, and Friend keywords can be used to define the Sub's scope, and the optional Static keyword indicates that the procedure's local variables are preserved between calls to the Sub. The name argument specifies the name of the Sub procedure. The optional Exit Sub can be used to exit the Sub procedure immediately.

The optional list of arguments (arglist) defines the arguments that will be passed to the procedure. The arguments should use the following syntax:


[Optional] [ByVal | ByRef] [ParamArray] varname[()] [As _ type] [= default value]

where the Optional keyword can be used to specify that the argument is not required (default value assigns the argument's default value), ByVal and ByRef determine whether the arg

File Exists

2011-03-27T22:18:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

Function FileExists (strPath As String) As Integer 
Dim lngRetVal As Long 
On Error Resume Next 
 lngRetVal = Len(Dir$(strPath)) 
 If Err Or lngRetVal = 0 Then 
    FileExists = False 
 Else 
           FileExists = True 
 End if 
End Function

Explore File Capabilities

2011-03-27T22:17:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

'// Place the following code in a Module 

Public Const FO_MOVE As Long = &H1 
Public Const FO_COPY As Long = &H2 
Public Const FO_DELETE As Long = &H3 
Public Const FO_RENAME As Long = &H4 
Public Const FOF_MULTIDESTFILES As Long = &H1 
Public Const FOF_CONFIRMMOUSE As Long = &H2 
Public Const FOF_SILENT As Long = &H4 
Public Const FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION As Long = &H8 
Public Const FOF_NOCONFIRMATION As Long = &H10 
Public Const FOF_WANTMAPPINGHANDLE As Long = &H20 
Public Const FOF_CREATEPROGRESSDLG As Long =&H0 
Public Const FOF_ALLOWUNDO As Long = &H40 
Public Const FOF_FILESONLY As Long = &H80 
Public Const FOF_SIMPLEPROGRESS As Long = &H100 
Public Const FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR As Long = &H200 

Type SHFILEOPSTRUCT 
 hwnd As Long 
 wFunc As Long 
 pFrom As String 
 pTo As String 
 fFlags As Long 
 fAnyOperationsAborted As Long 
 hNameMappings As Long 
 lpszProgressTitle As String 
End Type 

Declare Function SHFileOperation Lib "Shell32.dll" Alias "SHFileOperationA" (lpFileOp As _                                                                         SHFILEOPSTRUCT) As Long 


private Function Explorer(hWnd As Long) 
Dim result As Long, fileop As SHFILEOPSTRUCT 
With fileop 
 .hwnd = hWnd 
 .wFunc = FO_COPY 
 .pFrom = "C:\ROGRAM FILES\ICROSOFT VISUAL BASIC\B.HLP" & _
 vbNullChar & "C:\ROGRAM FILES\ICROSOFT VISUAL BASIC\EADME.HLP" & _
 vbNullChar & vbNullChar 
 ' .pFrom = "C:\.*" & vbNullChar & vbNullChar 
 .pTo = "C:\estfolder" & vbNullChar & vbNullChar 
 .fFlags = FOF_SIMPLEPROGRESS Or FOF_FILESONLY 
End With 
result = SHFileOperation(fileop) 
If result <> 0 Then 
    '// Operation failed 
    MsgBox Err.LastDllError 
Else 
   If fileop.fAnyOperationsAborted <> 0 Then 
      MsgBox "Operation Failed" 
   End If 
End If 
End Function

System Color

2011-03-27T22:11:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

'---------------------------------------------------
'PUT THIS IN THE MODULE
'---------------------------------------------------
Global original_menu_color              As Long
Global original_buttonface_color        As Long
Global original_buttonshadow_color      As Long
Global original_buttonhighlight_color      As Long

Public Declare Function SetSysColors Lib "user32" (ByVal nChanges As Long, lpSysColor As Long, lpColorValues As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function GetSysColor Lib "user32" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long

Public Const COLOR_WINDOW = 5
Public Const COLOR_WINDOWFRAME = 6
Public Const COLOR_MENUTEXT = 7
Public Const COLOR_WINDOWTEXT = 8
Public Const COLOR_CAPTIONTEXT = 9
Public Const COLOR_ACTIVEBORDER = 10
Public Const COLOR_SCROLLBAR = 0
Public Const COLOR_INACTIVECAPTION = 3
Public Const COLOR_MENU = 4
Public Const COLOR_BACKGROUND = 1
Public Const COLOR_ACTIVECAPTION = 2
Public Const COLOR_HIGHLIGHT = 13
Public Const COLOR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT = 14
Public Const COLOR_BTNFACE = 15
Public Const COLOR_BTNSHADOW = 16
Public Const COLOR_GRAYTEXT = 17
Public Const COLOR_BTNTEXT = 18
Public Const COLOR_INACTIVECAPTIONTEXT = 19
Public Const COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT = 20
Public Const COLOR_2NDACTIVECAPTION = 27
Public Const COLOR_2NDINACTIVECAPTION = 28
Public Const COLOR_INACTIVEBORDER = 11
Public Const COLOR_APPWORKSPACE = 12


Public Type ColorSystem
    SelectColor(0 To 20) As Long
End Type

Public New_System_Color As ColorSystem


Public Sub select_color_type()
            'This is an XP Style color system
            New_System_Color.SelectColor(4) = RGB(239, 238, 224)  'Menu
            New_System_Color.SelectColor(15) = RGB(240, 240, 224) 'Button
            New_System_Color.SelectColor(16) = RGB(216, 210, 189) 'Button Shadow
            New_System_Color.SelectColor(20) = RGB(255, 255, 255) 'Button Highlight

            Call change_system_color
End Sub

Public Sub change_system_color()

Call SetSysColors(1, 4, New_System_Color.SelectColor(4))   'Menu
Call SetSysColors(1, 15, New_System_Color.SelectColor(15)) 'Button
Call SetSysColors(1, 16, New_System_Color.SelectColor(16)) 'Button Shadow
Call SetSysColors(1, 20, New_System_Color.SelectColor(20)) 'Button Highlight

End Sub

'---------------------------------------------------
'END CODE FOR MODULE
'---------------------------------------------------

Private Sub Form_Load()
      'This will change the system color when you run your application
      Call select_color_type()
End Sub

Change File Extension

2011-03-26T22:10:00.001+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String
Public Function ChangeFileExt(ByVal aFilename As String, ByVal NewExt As String) As Boolean
Dim p As Long
Dim bp As Long
Dim nFileName As String

On Error Resume Next
   ChangeFileExt = False
   If aFilename = "" Then Exit Function
      p = 0
      Do
        bp = p
        p = InStr(p + 1, aFilename, ".", vbBinaryCompare)
      Loop Until p = 0

      If bp > 0 Then
         nFileName = Left(aFilename, bp - 1)
      Else
         nFileName = aFilename
      End If
     nFileName = nFileName & "." & NewExt
     Err.Clear
     Name aFilename As nFileName

     If Err.Number = 0 Then ChangeFileExt = True
End Function

CPU Beep

2011-03-26T22:09:00.001+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

Public Declare Function Beep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwFreq As Long, _
                                             ByVal dwDuration As Long) _
                                             As Long
'Add a Picture box on Form

Private Sub Picture1_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
If List3.ListIndex <> 4 Then
   Beep X + Y, Text3.Text
Else
   Beep X + Y, Text3.Text + (Y / 50)
End If
Label3.Caption = Hex(X) & " " & Hex(Y) & " - " & Hex(Text3.Text) & Oct(X + Y)
End Sub

Agents

2011-03-26T22:08:00.001+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

'Set form's AutoRedraw property toTrue
Sub PaintControl3D(frm As Form, Ctl As Control)
    ' This Sub draws lines around controls to make them 3d
    
    ' darkgrey, upper - horizontal
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left, Ctl.Top - 15)-(Ctl.Left + _
          Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top - 15), &H808080, BF
    ' darkgrey, left - vertical
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left - 15, Ctl.Top)-(Ctl.Left - 15, _
         Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &H808080, BF
    ' white, right - vertical
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top)- _
      (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' white, lower - horizontal
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height)- _
    (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &HFFFFFF, BF

End Sub

Sub PaintForm3D(frm As Form)
    ' This Sub draws lines around the Form to make it 3d
    
    ' white, upper - horizontal
    frm.Line (0, 0)-(frm.ScaleWidth, 0), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' white, left - vertical
    frm.Line (0, 0)-(0, frm.ScaleHeight), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' darkgrey, right - vertical
    frm.Line (frm.ScaleWidth - 15, 0)-(frm.ScaleWidth - 15, _
       frm.Height), &H808080, BF
    ' darkgrey, lower - horizontal
    frm.Line (0, frm.ScaleHeight - 15)-(frm.ScaleWidth, _
      frm.ScaleHeight - 15), &H808080, BF

End Sub

'DEMO USAGE
'Add 1 label and 1 textbox

Private Sub Form_Load()

Me.AutoRedraw = True
PaintForm3D Me
PaintControl3D Me, Label1  'Label1 is name of label
PaintControl3D Me, Text1   'Text1 is name of textbox

End Sub

3dfx Interactive

2011-03-24T22:27:00.000+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

'Set form's AutoRedraw property toTrue
Sub PaintControl3D(frm As Form, Ctl As Control)
    ' This Sub draws lines around controls to make them 3d
    
    ' darkgrey, upper - horizontal
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left, Ctl.Top - 15)-(Ctl.Left + _
          Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top - 15), &H808080, BF
    ' darkgrey, left - vertical
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left - 15, Ctl.Top)-(Ctl.Left - 15, _
         Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &H808080, BF
    ' white, right - vertical
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top)- _
      (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' white, lower - horizontal
    frm.Line (Ctl.Left, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height)- _
    (Ctl.Left + Ctl.Width, Ctl.Top + Ctl.Height), &HFFFFFF, BF

End Sub

Sub PaintForm3D(frm As Form)
    ' This Sub draws lines around the Form to make it 3d
    
    ' white, upper - horizontal
    frm.Line (0, 0)-(frm.ScaleWidth, 0), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' white, left - vertical
    frm.Line (0, 0)-(0, frm.ScaleHeight), &HFFFFFF, BF
    ' darkgrey, right - vertical
    frm.Line (frm.ScaleWidth - 15, 0)-(frm.ScaleWidth - 15, _
       frm.Height), &H808080, BF
    ' darkgrey, lower - horizontal
    frm.Line (0, frm.ScaleHeight - 15)-(frm.ScaleWidth, _
      frm.ScaleHeight - 15), &H808080, BF

End Sub

'DEMO USAGE
'Add 1 label and 1 textbox

Private Sub Form_Load()

Me.AutoRedraw = True
PaintForm3D Me
PaintControl3D Me, Label1  'Label1 is name of label
PaintControl3D Me, Text1   'Text1 is name of textbox

End Sub

Aplikasi Arsip

2010-08-20T15:22:00.002+07:00

Merupakan pengolahan atau pencatatan data seluruh dokumen, mengingat data dan kegiatan dilingkungan tersebut sangat tinggi maka dokumen yang dihasilkan akan menumpuk banyak yang selalu tersimpan pada ruang arsip yang sewaktu waktu masih dibutuhkan sehingga sistem penyimpanan harus tersetruktur rapi dan akurat agar secara profesional mampu mengatur segala hal yang berkaitan dengan informasi dan tertib administrasi untuk mendapatkan data yang benar dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Dengan integrasi sistem yang dirancang sedemikian rupa dengan pengolahan berbasis komputer, maka tujuan untuk memperoleh data kearsipan atau informasi yang dibutuhkan, akan dapat diperoleh dengan mudah sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang cepat dan tepat untuk penentuan kebutuhan secara tepat guna.

Data arsip dokumen secara lengkap mempunyai nilai strategis untuk diberdayakan maka setiap unit/satuan kerja sebagai pengelola atau pemakai harus mengetahui secara pasti keberadaan dan status dokumen agar dapat dipergunakan dalam proses selanjutnya. Dengan sistem komputerisasi pencarian data dan pencatatan akan dapat dilakukan sangat cepat oleh bagian mana saja yang terkait dengan data tersebut, dengan demikian tentunya proses penyimpanan dan pencarian arsip akan dilakukan dengan efektif. Sebab pada masing-masing bagian yang berkepentingan dapat mengakses data arsip tersebut. Kondisi seperti inilah yang membuat sarana komputer menjadi lebih diperlukan dan pengolahan data dapat dilakukan oleh user pada lingkungannya Sehingga diharapkan komputer ini bukan hanya sebagai alat bantu kerja belaka melainkan sebagai pusat Informasi yang Up to date.

Pencatatan dengan sistem komputerisasi ini diharapkan mampu memberikan hasil secara tepat terhadap data dan kelengkapannya untuk memberikan informasi yang akurat dalam bentuk fisik dokumen maupun file hasil pemindaian yang menyerupai aslinya.

Manfaat yang perlu diperhatikan adalah :

Adanya keseragaman dan kesamaan dalam pencatatan Dokumen arsip dari seluruh unit/satuan kerja.
Dapat menyimpan semua data yang diperlukan dan mampu melakukan proses pencarian data dengan mudah.
Efektif dan efisien serta dapat mencapai sasaran yang diharapkan.
Data yang telah tercatat dapat dipergunakan untuk kontinuitas guna merencanakan proses selanjutnya.
Adanya keseragaman pencatatan atau pendataan Sehingga sistem prosedur pencatatan dapat dengan mudah disosialisasikan.

TIPE / JENIS BERKAS SURAT

Surat Edaran
Surat Biasa
Surat Keterangan
Surat Perintah
Surat Tugas
Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas
Surat Kuasa
Surat Undangan
Surat Panggilan
Surat Pengantar
Surat Perjanjian
Surat Pernyataan Melaksanakan Tugas
Surat Izin
Pengumuman
Laporan
Telegram / Radiogram
Notulen
Nota Dinas
Nota Pengajuan Konsep Naskah Dinas
Lembar Disposisi
Telaahan Staf

PROSEDURAL SISTEM

Program 1. Survei Arsip :
Tinjauan menyeluruh terhadap semua arsip yang dihasilkan oleh organisasi. Sebenarnya merupakan kegiatan inventarisasi (stocktaking) arsip yang akan memberikan gambaran tentang jumlah seluruh arsip yang disimpan oleh organisasi, dimana disimpannya, bagaimana pengaturannya, apa bentuknya, status arsip (draft atau final version, master copy atau duplikat).

Program 2. Penilaian :
Proses analisis terhadap data hasil survei sehingga memungkinkan kita untuk mengambil keputusan tentang daur hidup sekelompok arsip (record series). Keputusan ini harus disetujui oleh atasan atau yang berwenang dan harus dicatat. Catatan ini disebut Retention schedule.

Program 3. Konsolidasi

Program 4. Evaluasi Media

GetElapsedTime

2010-08-19T23:39:00.001+07:00

Public Function GetElapsedTime(tStart, tStop) As String

Dim dtr, dtl, jml As Long

    dtl = (Hour(tStart) * 3600) + _
          (Minute(tStart) * 60) + (Second(tStart))

    dtr = (Hour(tStop) * 3600) + _
          (Minute(tStop) * 60) + (Second(tStop))

 If tStop < tStart Then
   jml = 86400
 Else
   jml = 0
 End If
 jml = jml + (dtr - dtl)

 GetElapsedTime= Format(Str(Int((Int((jml / 3600)) Mod 24))), "00") _
                 + ":" + Format(Str(Int((Int((jml / 60)) Mod 60))) _
                 , "00") + ":" +Format(Str(Int((jml Mod 60))), "00")
End Function

DollarToString

2010-08-19T23:36:00.000+07:00

Public Function NumToString(ByVal nNumber As Currency) As String

Dim bNegative As Boolean
Dim bHundred As Boolean

If nNumber < 0 Then
    bNegative = True
End If

nNumber = Abs(Int(nNumber))

If nNumber < 1000 Then
    If nNumber \ 100 > 0 Then
        NumToString = NumToString & _
             NumToString(nNumber \ 100) & " hundred"
        bHundred = True
    End If
    nNumber = nNumber - ((nNumber \ 100) * 100)
    Dim bNoFirstDigit As Boolean
    bNoFirstDigit = False
    Select Case nNumber \ 10
        Case 0
            Select Case nNumber Mod 10
                Case 0
                    If Not bHundred Then
                        NumToString = NumToString & " zero"
                    End If
                Case 1: NumToString = NumToString & " one"
                Case 2: NumToString = NumToString & " two"
                Case 3: NumToString = NumToString & " three"
                Case 4: NumToString = NumToString & " four"
                Case 5: NumToString = NumToString & " five"
                Case 6: NumToString = NumToString & " six"
                Case 7: NumToString = NumToString & " seven"
                Case 8: NumToString = NumToString & " eight"
                Case 9: NumToString = NumToString & " nine"
            End Select
            bNoFirstDigit = True
        Case 1
            Select Case nNumber Mod 10
                Case 0: NumToString = NumToString & " ten"
                Case 1: NumToString = NumToString & " eleven"
                Case 2: NumToString = NumToString & " twelve"
                Case 3: NumToString = NumToString & " thirteen"
                Case 4: NumToString = NumToString & " fourteen"
                Case 5: NumToString = NumToString & " fifteen"
                Case 6: NumToString = NumToString & " sixteen"
                Case 7: NumToString = NumToString & " seventeen"
                Case 8: NumToString = NumToString & " eighteen"
                Case 9: NumToString = NumToString & " nineteen"
            End Select
            bNoFirstDigit = True
        Case 2: NumToString = NumToString & " twenty"
        Case 3: NumToString = NumToString & " thirty"
        Case 4: NumToString = NumToString & " forty"
        Case 5: NumToString = NumToString & " fifty"
        Case 6: NumToString = NumToString & " sixty"
        Case 7: NumToString = NumToString & " seventy"
        Case 8: NumToString = NumToString & " eighty"
        Case 9: NumToString = NumToString & " ninety"
    End Select
    If Not bNoFirstDigit Then
        If nNumber Mod 10 <> 0 Then
            NumToString = NumToString & "-" & _
                          Mid(NumToString(nNumber Mod 10), 2)
        End If
    End If
Else
    Dim nTemp As Currency
    nTemp = 10 ^ 12 'trillion
    Do While nTemp >= 1
        If nNumber >= nTemp Then
            NumToString = NumToString & _
                          NumToString(Int(nNumber / nTemp))
            Select Case Int(Log(nTemp) / Log(10) + 0.5)
                Case 12: NumToString = NumToString & " trillion"
                Case 9: NumToString = NumToString & " billion"
                Case 6: NumToString = NumToString & " million"
                Case 3: NumToString = NumToString & " thousand"
            End Select
           
            nNumber = nNumber - (Int(nNumber / nTemp) * nTemp)
        End If
        nTemp = nTemp / 1000
    Loop
End If

If bNegative Then
    NumToString = " negative" & NumToString
End If
    
End Function

Public Function DollarToString(ByVal nAmount As Currency) As _
String

    Dim nDollar As Currency
    Dim nCent As Currency
    
    nDollar = Int(nAmount)
    nCent = (Abs(nAmount) * 100) Mod 100
    
    DollarToString = NumToString(nDollar) & " dollar"
    
    If Abs(nDollar) <> 1 Then
        DollarToString = DollarToString & "s"
    End If
    
    DollarToString = DollarToString & " and" & _
                     NumToString(nCent) & " cent"
                     
    If Abs(nCent) <> 1 Then
        DollarToString = DollarToString & "s"
    End If
    
End Function

Convert FileSize into String

2010-08-19T23:33:00.000+07:00

Private Declare Function StrFormatByteSize Lib _
 "shlwapi" Alias "StrFormatByteSizeA" (ByVal _
 dw As Long, ByVal pszBuf As String, ByRef _
 cchBuf As Long) As String

Public Function FormatKB(ByVal Amount As Long) _
 As String
 Dim Buffer As String
 Dim Result As String
 Buffer = Space$(255)
 Result = StrFormatByteSize(Amount, Buffer, _
  Len(Buffer))
 If InStr(Result, vbNullChar) > 1 Then
  FormatKB = Left$(Result, InStr(Result, _
   vbNullChar) - 1)
 End If
End Function

SQL Dasar

2010-08-19T23:20:00.001+07:00

SQL COMMAND

SQL singkatan dari Structured Query Language. SQL adalah bahasa komputer yang standart untuk mengakses dan memanipulasi database. Seluruh aplikasi database yang beredar di pasaran, baik yang gratis maupun yang berlisensi, mengadopsi bahasa SQL untuk mengolah databasenya.

Beberapa SQL command atau perintah SQL yang harus diketahui adalah :

CREATE DATABASE, untuk membuat sebuah database.

DROP DATABASE, untuk menghapus sebuah database.

CREATE TABLE, untuk membuat sebuah table.

ALTER TABLE, untuk memodifikasi sebuah table.

DROP TABLE, untuk menghapus sebuah table.

SELECT, untuk menampilkan data dari database.

UPDATE, untuk memodifikasi data dari database.

INSERT INTO, untuk menambah data di database.

DELETE, untuk menghapus data dari database.

Sedangkan perintah SQL untuk tingkat lanjut ada cukup banyak. Command tingkat lanjut ini berguna untuk mengolah data dengan cara yang lebih rumit dan kompleks.

CREATE DATABASE COMMAND

Sebelum bekerja dengan database, anda harus membuat dulu sebuah database yang akan menjadi obyek pekerjaan anda.

Syntaxnya :

CREATE DATABASE database_name

Setelah membuat database dengan command seperti di atas, tidak secara otomatis database anda berisi tabel-tabel. Database anda dalam keadaan kosong. Anda harus membuat tabel-tabel seperti yang akan dijelaskan pada bagian selanjutnya.

DROP DATABASE COMMAND

Jika anda ingin menghapus sebuah database, gunakan perintah berikut ini :

DROP DATABASE database_name

Jika anda menggunakan perintah di atas, maka seluruh database dan tabel yang ada di dalamnya akan terhapus.

Catatan : untuk Access, anda tidak diperbolehkan menggunakan perintah DROP DATABASE. Jika anda menggunakan perintah ini, aplikasi anda akan kacau. Jika anda ingin menghapus database dari Access, anda bisa menghapus file mdb yang telah dibuat oleh Access.

CREATE TABLE COMMAND

Selanjutnya anda dapat membuat table dengan perintah berikut :

CREATE TABLE table_name

column_name1 data_type,

column_name2 data_type,

.......

Contohnya :

CREATE TABLE Person

LastName varchar,

FirstName varchar,

Address varchar,

Age int

Anda juga bisa membatasi ukuran masing-masing field utnuk menghasilkan file database yang lebih kecil :

CREATE TABLE Person

LastName varchar(30),

FirstName varchar,

Address varchar,

Age int(3)

Untuk tipe datanya, anda dapat melihat lagi di bagian pertama materi kuliah ini.

ALTER TABLE COMMAND

Perintah ALTER TABLE dapat anda gunakan jika anda ingin memodifikasi struktur table yang anda buat. Artinya, jika anda ingin menambahkan sebuah atau beberapa field baru dalam tabel yang sudah anda buat, atau anda ingin menghapus satu atau beberapa field yang sudah anda buat, anda dapat menggunakan perintah ini.

Syntaxnya :

Untuk menambah field baru :

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD column_name datatype (size)

Untuk menghapus field yang sudah ada :

ALTER TABLE table_name

DROP COLUMN column_name

DROP TABLE COMMAND

Untuk menghapus sebuah table, perintahnya seperti berikut ini :

DROP TABLE table_name

Catatan : Perlu diingat, bahwa jika anda menghapus sebuah table, maka seluruh data yang ada di dalamnya akan ikut terhapus.

SELECT COMMAND

Untuk menampilkan data dari sebuah database, anda dapat menggunakan perintah SELECT. Bentuk baku dari perintah ini adalah :

SELECT column_name_1, column_name_2, dst

FROM table_name

Jika anda ingin menampilkan semua data dalam sebuah table tanpa memilih salah satu field, maka anda dapat menggunakan perintah berikut :

SELECT * FROM table_name

SELECT DISTINCT STATEMENT

SELECT DISTINCT Statement digunakan untuk menampilkan data dari satu atau beberapa field (column) dari sebuah tabel. Namun perbedaan antara SELECT dengan SELECT DISTINCT terletak pada hasilnya.

Perhatikan contoh table ORDERS berikut ini :

Company	OrderNumber
Sega	3412
W3Schools	2312
Trio	4678
W3Schools	6798

Jika anda menggunakan perintah SELECT seperti ini :

SELECT Company FROM Orders

maka hasil yang didapat akan seperti ini :

Company

Sega

W3Schools

Trio

W3Schools

Tapi jika anda menggunakan perintah SELECT DISTINCT seperti ini :

SELECT DISTINCT Company FROM Orders

Maka hasilnya akan seperti ini :

Company

Sega

W3Schools

Trio

Perhatikan bahwa dengan perintah SELECT, data "W3Schools" akan ditampilkan 2 kali sesuai data yang ada, sedangkan dengan perintah SELECT DISTINCT, maka data "W3Schools" hanya ditampilkan 1 kali. Jadi perintah SELECT DISTINCT tidak akan menghasilkan data yang identik atau kembar.

WHERE CLAUSE

Anda juga dapat menambahkan sebuah kondisi pada perintah SELECT untuk menampilkan data yang lebih spesifik.

Syntax baku dari perintah WHERE adalah :

SELECT column FROM table

WHERE column operator value

di mana operator yang dimaksud adalah :

Operator	Description
=	Equal
<> atau !=	Not equal
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal
<=	Less than or equal
BETWEEN	Between an inclusive range
LIKE	Search for a pattern

Perhatikan table PERSONS di bawah ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City	Year
Hansen	Ola	Timoteivn 10	Sandnes	1951
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes	1978
Svendson	Stale	Kaivn 18	Sandnes	1980
Pettersen	Kari	Storgt 20	Stavanger	1960

Jika anda menggunakan perintah SELECT dengan atribut WHERE seperti berikut ini :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City='Sandnes'

Maka hasilnya akan ditampilkan seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City	Year
Hansen	Ola	Timoteivn 10	Sandnes	1951
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes	1978
Svendson	Stale	Kaivn 18	Sandnes	1980

Perhatikan, bahwa yang ditampilkan adalah data yang berasal dari kota "Sandnes" sesuai dengan kondisi yang diberikan pada perintah di atas. Perhatikan untuk tulisan tanda petik (") yang digunakan, berikut ini penulisan yang benar:

Untuk nilai berupa text :

Syntax yang benar :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Tove'

Syntax yang salah :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=Tove

Untuk nilai berupa angka :

Syntax yang benar :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>1965

Syntax yang salah :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>'1965'

LIKE CLAUSE

Statemen LIKE dapat anda tambahkan pada perintah SELECT untuk memberikan suatu kondisi yang menyerupai sesuatu.

Syntax bakunya adalah :

SELECT column FROM table_name

WHERE column LIKE conditions

Dalam perintah ini, digunakan tanda "%" untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang belum diketahui.

Perhatikan contoh berikut ini :

SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE FirstName LIKE 'O%'

Perintah di atas ini akan menampilkan semua data yang FirstName-nya berawalan dengan huruf "O".

SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE FirstName LIKE '%a'

Sedangkan contoh di atas akan menghasilkan semua data yang FirstName-nya berakhiran dengan huruf "a".

SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE FirstName LIKE '%la%'

Sedangkan perintah di atas ini akan menghasilkan semua data yang FirstName-nya memiliki huruf "la" di tengahnya.

ORDER BY STATEMENT

Statement ORDER BY digunakan untuk mengurutkan tampilan data berdasarkan satu atau beberapa field secara urut dari awal ke akhir (ascending) atau dari akhir ke awal (descending).

Syntaxnya adalah sebagai berikut :

SELECT column_1, column_2, dst FROM table_name

ORDER BY column_1, column_2, dst ASC/DESC

Atau anda juga dapat menggabungkannya dengan clause yang lain, seperti WHERE dan LIKE seperti berikut ini :

SELECT column_1, column_2, dst FROM table

WHERE column_2 LIKE conditions ORDER BY column_1 ASC

Perhatikan contoh table ORDERS berikut ini :

Company	OrderNumber
Sega	3412
ABC Shop	5678
W3Schools	2312
W3Schools	6798

Misalnya anda punya perintah seperti ini :

SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders

ORDER BY Company

Maka hasilnya akan seperti ini :

Company	OrderNumber
ABC Shop	5678
Sega	3412
W3Schools	6798
W3Schools	2312

Perhatikan, bahwa jika anda tidak memberikan tanda ASC atau DESC, maka hasilnya akan ditampilkan secara ASC (urut dari awal ke akhir, atau dari kecil ke besar).

Anda juga dapat menggabungkan beberapa kondisi sekaligus. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini :

SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders

ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC

Hasilnya akan seperti ini :

Company	OrderNumber
W3Schools	2312
W3Schools	6798
Sega	3412
ABC Shop	5678

Perhatikan bahwa hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa di field company akan urut secara descending, dan di field ordernumber akan urut secara ascending.

AND dan OR STATEMENT

Statement AND atau OR dapat digunakan untuk menggabungkan 2 kondisi yang berbeda untuk dijalankan dalam perintah WHERE.

Perhatikan contoh table PERSONS berikut ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Hansen	Ola	Timoteivn 10	Sandnes
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes
Svendson	Stephen	Kaivn 18	Sandnes

Misalnya anda mempunyai perintah seperti ini :

SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE FirstName='Tove'

AND LastName='Svendson'

Maka hasilnya akan seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes

Atau anda punya contoh perintah seperti ini :

SELECT * FROM Persons

WHERE firstname='Tove'

OR lastname='Svendson'

Maka hasil yang akan ditampilkan adalah seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes
Svendson	Stephen	Kaivn 18	Sandnes

Anda juga dapat menggabungkan statement AND dan OR secara bersamaan, misalnya :

SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE

(FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen')

AND LastName='Svendson'

Maka hasilnya akan seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Svendson	Tove	Borgvn 23	Sandnes
Svendson	Stephen	Kaivn 18	Sandnes

UPDATE COMMAND

Perintah UPDATE digunakan untuk memodifikasi data (record) yang ada dalam sebuah table.

Syntaxnya :

UPDATE table_name

SET column_name = new_value

WHERE column_name = old_value

Perhatikan contoh table PERSONS berikut ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Nilsen	Fred	Kirkegt 56	Stavanger
Rasmussen	Ani	Storgt 67

Misalnya anda punya perintah seperti ini :

UPDATE Person SET FirstName = 'Nina'

WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen'

Maka hasilnya adalah seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Nilsen	Fred	Kirkegt 56	Stavanger
Rasmussen	Nina	Storgt 67

Perhatikan bahwa record yang sebelumnya adalah "Ani" berubah menjadi "Nina" setelah perintah dijalankan.

INSERT INTO COMMAND

Perintah INSERT INTO digunakan untuk menambahkan data baru pada sebuah table, bukan untuk memodifikasi data dalam salah satu field saja.

Syntaxnya :

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, dst)

VALUES (column1_value, column2_value, dst)

Perhatikan table PERSONS di bawah ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Pettersen	Kari	Storgt 20	Stavanger

Untuk menambahkan data yang baru, anda dapat menggunakan perintah INSERT INTO. Berikut contohnya :

INSERT INTO Persons (LastName, FirstName, Address, City)

VALUES ('Hetland', 'Camilla', 'Hagabakka 24', 'Sandnes')

Atau perintah seperti ini :

INSERT INTO Persons

VALUES ('Hetland', 'Camilla', 'Hagabakka 24', 'Sandnes')

Perhatikan bahwa karena isi field berupa text, maka value yang ada diberi tanda petik (' ') yang menandakan text atau string. Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Pettersen	Kari	Storgt 20	Stavanger
Hetland	Camilla	Hagabakka 24	Sandnes

Anda juga dapat menambahkan data pada field tertentu saja, namun tetap membuat baris yang baru (bukan mengganti data yang lama).

Perhatikan table PERSONS berikut ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Pettersen	Kari	Storgt 20	Stavanger
Hetland	Camilla	Hagabakka 24	Sandnes

Misalnya anda punya perintah seperti ini :

INSERT INTO Persons (LastName, Address)

VALUES ('Rasmussen', 'Storgt 67')

Maka hasilnya adalah :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Pettersen	Kari	Storgt 20	Stavanger
Hetland	Camilla	Hagabakka 24	Sandnes
Rasmussen		Storgt 67

Perhatikan bahwa data yang baru tidak menggantikan posisi data yang lama, melainkan menempati baris yang baru dengan 2 field yang dikosongkan isinya.

DELETE COMMAND

Perintah DELETE digunakan untuk menghapus data dari sebuah table. Fungsi menghapus ini akan dijalankan berdasarkan kondisi yang diberikan. Karena itu perlu anda ingat untuk selalu memberikan sebuah kondisi agar data yang terhapus benar-benar data yang ingin anda hapus.

Perintah ini tidak bisa menghapus hanya isi field tertentu saja. Seluruh field dalam satu rangkaian baris akan dihapus jika kondisi yang ditetapkan terpenuhi.

Syntaxnya :

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE column_name = value

Perhatikan contoh table PERSONS berikut ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Nilsen	Fred	Kirkegt 56	Stavanger
Rasmussen	Nina	Stien 12	Stavanger

Misalnya anda punya perintah seperti ini :

DELETE FROM Person WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen'

Maka hasilnya akan seperti ini :

LastName	FirstName	Address	City
Nilsen	Fred	Kirkegt 56	Stavanger

Perhatikan bahwa seluruh data milik Rasmussen akan dihapus.

Jika anda ingin menghapus semua baris yang ada, anda dapat menggunakan perintah berikut ini :

DELETE FROM table_name

atau

DELETE * FROM table_name

Maka seluruh data dalam table itu akan terhapus semuanya.

Local And Remote Trojan Port Scanner

2010-06-07T15:45:00.001+07:00

This scans your computer locally for 86 well known trojans ports and tells you if they are opened. This scan takes about 1 second. The remote scan scans an ip address or host name. You set the interval between scans. Uses the Microsoft Winsock Control.

Private Sub Command1_Click()

On Error GoTo Error
Command1.Enabled = False
Command3.Enabled = False
Command4.Enabled = False
For i = 0 To List3.ListCount - 1
If stopnow.Value = True Then
Command1.Enabled = True
Command3.Enabled = True
Command4.Enabled = True
Exit Sub
End If
Text4 = List3.List(i)
Winsock1.Close
Winsock1.LocalPort = List3.List(i)
Winsock1.Listen
Next i
Error:
If Err.Number = 10048 Then
List1.AddItem List4.List(i)
Resume Next
End If
Command1.Enabled = True
Command3.Enabled = True
Command4.Enabled = True
stopnow = False
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()
stopnow.Value = True

End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()
On Error Resume Next
Command1.Enabled = False
Command2.Enabled = False
Command3.Enabled = False
For i = 0 To List3.ListCount - 1
Text3 = i
Text4 = List3.List(i)
Winsock1.RemotePort = List3.List(i)
Winsock1.RemoteHost = Text1
Winsock1.Connect
Timeout Text2
If stopnow.Value = True Then
Text3 = 0
Command1.Enabled = True
Command2.Enabled = True
Command3.Enabled = True
stopnow.Value = False
Exit Sub
End If
Next i
Text3 = 0
Command1.Enabled = True
Command2.Enabled = True
Command3.Enabled = True
End Sub

Private Sub Command4_Click()
stopnow.Value = True
End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()
List4.AddItem "21 - Fore, Invisible FTP, FTP, WebEx, WinCrash"
List4.AddItem "23 - Tiny Telnet Server, Telnet, Wingate"
List4.AddItem "25 - Antigen, Email Password Sender, Haebu Coceda, Shtrilitz Stealth, Terminator"
List4.AddItem "31 - Hackers Paradise"
List4.AddItem "80 - Executor"
List4.AddItem "456 - Hackers Paradise"
List4.AddItem "555 - Ini-Killer, Phase Zero, Stealth Spy"
List4.AddItem "666 - Satanz Backdoor"
List4.AddItem "1001 - Silencer, WebEx"
List4.AddItem "1011 - Doly Trojan"
List4.AddItem "1170 - Psyber Stream Server, Voice"
List4.AddItem "1234 - Ultors Trojan"
List4.AddItem "1243 - SubSeven Default "
List4.AddItem "1245 - VooDoo Doll"
List4.AddItem "1492 - FTP99CMP"
List4.AddItem "1600 - Shivka-Burka"
List4.AddItem "1807 - SpySender"
List4.AddItem "1981 - Shockrave"
List4.AddItem "1999 - BackDoor"
List4.AddItem "2001 - Trojan Cow"
List4.AddItem "2023 - Ripper"
List4.AddItem "2115 - Bugs"
List4.AddItem "2140 - Deep Throat, The Invasor"
List4.AddItem "2801 - Phineas Phucker"
List4.AddItem "3024 - WinCrash"
List4.AddItem "3129 - Masters Paradise"
List4.AddItem "3150 - Deep Throat, The Invasor"
List4.AddItem "3700 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "4092 - WinCrash"
List4.AddItem "4590 - ICQTrojan"
List4.AddItem "5000 - Sockets de Troie"
List4.AddItem "5001 - Sockets de Troie"
List4.AddItem "5321 - Firehotcker"
List4.AddItem "5400 - Blade Runner"
List4.AddItem "5401 - Blade Runner"
List4.AddItem "5402 - Blade Runner"
List4.AddItem "5569 - Robo-Hack"
List4.AddItem "5742 - WinCrash"
List4.AddItem "6670 - DeepThroat"
List4.AddItem "6771 - DeepThroat"
List4.AddItem "6969 - GateCrasher, Priority"
List4.AddItem "7000 - Remote Grab"
List4.AddItem "7300 - NetMonitor"
List4.AddItem "7301 - NetMonitor"
List4.AddItem "7306 - NetMonitor"
List4.AddItem "7307 - NetMonitor"
List4.AddItem "7308 - NetMonitor"
List4.AddItem "7789 - ICKiller"
List4.AddItem "9872 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "9873 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "9874 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "9875 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "9989 - iNi-Killer"
List4.AddItem "10067 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "10167 - al of Doom"
List4.AddItem "11000 - Senna Spy"
List4.AddItem "11223 - Progenic trojan"
List4.AddItem "12223 - Hack´99 KeyLogger"
List4.AddItem "12345 - GabanBus, NetBus"
List4.AddItem "12346 - GabanBus, NetBus"
List4.AddItem "12361 - Whack-a-mole"
List4.AddItem "12362 - Whack-a-mole"
List4.AddItem "16969 - Priority"
List4.AddItem "20001 - Millennium"
List4.AddItem "20034 - NetBus 2 Pro"
List4.AddItem "21544 - GirlFriend"
List4.AddItem "22222 - Prosiak"
List4.AddItem "23456 - Evil FTP, Ugly FTP"
List4.AddItem "26274 -  Delta"
List4.AddItem "31337 - Back Orifice"
List4.AddItem "31338 - Back Orifice, DeepBO"
List4.AddItem "31339 - NetSpy DK"
List4.AddItem "31666 - BOWhack"
List4.AddItem "33333 - Prosiak"
List4.AddItem "34324 - BigGluck, TN"
List4.AddItem "40412 - The Spy"
List4.AddItem "40421 - Masters Paradise"
List4.AddItem "40422 - Masters Paradise"
List4.AddItem "40423 - Masters Paradise"
List4.AddItem "40426 - Masters Paradise"
List4.AddItem "47262 - Delta"
List4.AddItem "50505 - Sockets de Troie"
List4.AddItem "50766 - Fore"
List4.AddItem "53001 - Remote Windows Shutdown"
List4.AddItem "61466 - Telecommando"
List4.AddItem "65000 - Devil Trojan"

For o = 0 To List4.ListCount - 1
a = Trim(List4.List(o))
z = InStr(a, "-")
If z Then
List3.AddItem Left(a, z - 2)
End If
Next o
Text1 = Winsock1.LocalIP
End Sub

Private Sub HScroll1_Change()
If HScroll1.Value = 0 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (0)": Text2 = "0":
If HScroll1.Value = 1 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.1)": Text2 = ".1":
If HScroll1.Value = 2 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.2)": Text2 = ".2":
If HScroll1.Value = 3 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.3)": Text2 = ".3":
If HScroll1.Value = 4 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.4)": Text2 = ".4":
If HScroll1.Value = 5 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.5)": Text2 = ".5":
If HScroll1.Value = 6 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.6)": Text2 = ".6":
If HScroll1.Value = 7 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.7)": Text2 = ".7":
If HScroll1.Value = 8 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.8)": Text2 = ".8":
If HScroll1.Value = 9 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (.9)": Text2 = ".9":
If HScroll1.Value = 10 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1)": Text2 = "1":
If HScroll1.Value = 11 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.1)": Text2 = "1.1":
If HScroll1.Value = 12 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.2)": Text2 = "1.2":
If HScroll1.Value = 13 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.3)": Text2 = "1.3":
If HScroll1.Value = 14 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.4)": Text2 = "1.4":
If HScroll1.Value = 15 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.5)": Text2 = "1.5":
If HScroll1.Value = 16 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.6)": Text2 = "1.6":
If HScroll1.Value = 17 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.7)": Text2 = "1.7":
If HScroll1.Value = 18 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.8)": Text2 = "1.8":
If HScroll1.Value = 19 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (1.9)": Text2 = "1.9":
If HScroll1.Value = 20 Then Frame6.Caption = "Timeout Int. (2)": Text2 = "2":


End Sub

Private Sub Winsock1_Connect()
List2.AddItem List4.List(Text3)
End Sub

Open A Cash Drawer With VB.NET

2010-05-17T23:21:00.000+07:00

The following routine opens a cash drawer using VB.Net. Most cash drawers are attached to a recipt printer through what looks to be a phone jack. To open the cash drawer the POS software must send "control codes" to your printer which will then send an impulse to the cash drawer to pop it open. The problem is that the POS software has to know the proper control code to send to the receipt printer that you are using. It seems like every receipt printer uses a different code. You can find the "open cash drawer" code by looking in the printer's manual, calling the printer's manufacturer, or it may be listed at the bottom of this page.

Code:

Public Sub open_cashdrawer()
        Dim intFileNo As Integer = FreeFile()
        FileOpen(1, "c:\escapes.txt", OpenMode.Output)
        PrintLine(1, Chr(27) & "p" & Chr(0) & Chr(25) & Chr(250))
        FileClose(1)
        Shell("print /d:lpt1 c:\escapes.txt", vbNormalFocus)
End Sub

Binary File Compare

2010-05-17T23:13:00.002+07:00

These simple and quick to implement methods will help you to compare files at a binary level. To demo this project, add three command button controls and simply replace the file path and name in the click events of the command button controls. Then you could modify the code to except file selections from the common dialgue control.

Code:

Dim a As String
Dim s As String

Private Sub Command1_Click()
    Open "" For Binary As #1
    a = Space(LOF(1))
    Get #1, , a
    Close #1
    MsgBox "Pic number 1 captured.", vbOKOnly + vbInformation, "Picture Compare"
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()
    Open "" For Binary As #1
    s = Space(LOF(1))
    Get #1, , s
    Close #1
    MsgBox "File number 2 captured.", vbOKOnly + vbInformation, "Picture Compare"
End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()
    If s = a Then
        MsgBox "The file is the same."
    Else
        MsgBox "The file is not the same."
    End If
End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()
    Command1.Caption = "Load File 1"
    Command2.Caption = "Load File 2"
    Command3.Caption = "Compare Files"
End Sub

Auto Complete Combo

2010-05-17T22:24:00.002+07:00

AutoCompleteCombo.CTL

Option Explicit
Option Compare Text

Private ItemsArray() As String

Public Event Change()
Public Event Click()
Public Event DblClick()
Public Event KeyDown(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)
Public Event KeyUp(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)
Public Event KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
Public Event MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
Public Event MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
Public Event MouseUp(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)

Private Sub Combo1_Change()
    RaiseEvent Change
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_Initialize()
    ReDim ItemsArray(0) As String
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_InitProperties()
    Text = Ambient.DisplayName
    UserControl.Width = 1215
    UserControl.Height = 495
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
    RaiseEvent MouseDown(Button, Shift, X, Y)
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
    RaiseEvent MouseMove(Button, Shift, X, Y)
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_MouseUp(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
    RaiseEvent MouseUp(Button, Shift, X, Y)
End Sub


Private Sub UserControl_Resize()
    On Error Resume Next
    Combo1.Top = 0
    Combo1.Left = 0
    With UserControl
        Combo1.Width = .Width
        .Height = 315
    End With
End Sub

Private Sub combo1_DblClick()
    RaiseEvent DblClick
End Sub

Private Sub combo1_KeyDown(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)
    RaiseEvent KeyDown(KeyCode, Shift)
End Sub

Private Sub combo1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
    RaiseEvent KeyPress(KeyAscii)
End Sub
Private Sub combo1_KeyUp(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)
    If KeyCode < 65 Then RaiseEvent KeyUp(KeyCode, Shift): Exit Sub
    Dim iCtr As Long
    Dim MySelStart As Integer

    MySelStart = Combo1.SelStart
    If MySelStart = 0 Then Exit Sub 'MySelStart = 1
    
    For iCtr = 0 To UBound(ItemsArray)
         
        If Left$(ItemsArray(iCtr), Len(Combo1.Text)) = Combo1.Text Then
            Combo1.Text = ItemsArray(iCtr)
            Combo1.SelStart = MySelStart
            Combo1.SelLength = 255
            RaiseEvent KeyUp(KeyCode, Shift)
            Exit Sub
        End If
    Next
    Combo1.SelStart = MySelStart
    RaiseEvent KeyUp(KeyCode, Shift)
End Sub


Public Property Get BackColor() As OLE_COLOR
    BackColor = Combo1.BackColor
End Property
Public Property Let BackColor(ByVal NewValue As OLE_COLOR)
    Combo1.BackColor = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "BackColor"
End Property

Public Property Get Enabled() As Boolean
    Enabled = UserControl.Enabled
End Property
Public Property Let Enabled(ByVal NewValue As Boolean)
    UserControl.Enabled = NewValue
    Combo1.Enabled = NewValue
End Property

Public Property Get Font() As StdFont
    Set Font = Combo1.Font
End Property

Public Property Set Font(ByVal NewValue As StdFont)
    Set Combo1.Font = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "Font"
End Property

Public Property Get FontName() As String
    FontName = Combo1.FontName
End Property
Public Property Let FontName(ByVal NewValue As String)
    Combo1.FontName = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontName"
End Property

Public Property Get FontBold() As Boolean
    FontBold = Combo1.FontBold
End Property

Public Property Let FontBold(ByVal NewValue As Boolean)
    Combo1.FontBold = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontBold"
End Property

Public Property Get FontItalic() As Boolean
    FontItalic = Combo1.FontItalic
End Property

Public Property Let FontItalic(ByVal NewValue As Boolean)
    Combo1.FontItalic = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontItalic"
End Property

Public Property Get FontUnderline() As Boolean
    FontUnderline = Combo1.FontUnderline
End Property

Public Property Let FontUnderline(ByVal NewValue As Boolean)
    Combo1.FontUnderline = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontUnderline"
End Property

Public Property Get FontStrikethru() As Boolean
    FontStrikethru = Combo1.FontStrikethru
End Property

Public Property Let FontStrikethru(ByVal NewValue As Boolean)
    Combo1.FontStrikethru = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontStrikethru"
End Property

Public Property Get FontSize() As Single
    FontSize = Combo1.FontSize
End Property

Public Property Let FontSize(NewValue As Single)
    Combo1.FontSize = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "FontSize"
End Property

Public Property Get ForeColor() As OLE_COLOR
    ForeColor = Combo1.ForeColor
End Property

Public Property Let ForeColor(ByVal NewValue As OLE_COLOR)
    Combo1.ForeColor = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "ForeColor"
End Property

Public Property Get Text() As String
    Text = Combo1.Text
End Property

Public Property Let Text(ByVal NewValue As String)
    Combo1.Text = NewValue
    PropertyChanged "Text"
End Property

Public Property Get SelStart() As Long
    SelStart = Combo1.SelStart
End Property

Public Property Let SelStart(ByVal NewValue As Long)
    Combo1.SelStart = NewValue
End Property

Public Property Get SelLength() As Long
    SelLength = Combo1.SelLength
End Property

Public Property Let SelLength(ByVal NewValue As Long)
    Combo1.SelLength = NewValue
End Property

Public Property Get SelText() As String
    SelText = Combo1.SelText
End Property

Public Property Let SelText(ByVal NewValue As String)
    Combo1.SelText = NewValue
End Property

Public Property Get ItemData(Index As Integer) As Long
    If Index < 0 Or Index > Combo1.ListCount - 1 Then
        Err.Raise 381
    Else
        ItemData = Combo1.ItemData(Index)
    End If
End Property

Public Property Let ItemData(Index As Integer, ByVal NewValue As Long)
    If Index < 0 Or Index > Combo1.ListCount Then
        Err.Raise 381
    Else
        Combo1.ItemData(Index) = NewValue
    End If
End Property

Public Property Get list(Index As Integer) As String
If Index < 0 Or Index > UBound(ItemsArray) - 1 Then
    Err.Raise 381
Else
    list = Combo1.list(Index)
End If
End Property

Public Property Get ListCount() As Integer
    ListCount = Combo1.ListCount
End Property

Public Property Get SelectedItem() As Integer
Dim iAns As Integer
Dim sText As String
Dim iCtr As Long

iAns = -1
sText = Combo1.Text

For iCtr = 0 To UBound(ItemsArray)
    If sText = ItemsArray(iCtr) Then iAns = iCtr: iCtr = UBound(ItemsArray)
Next

SelectedItem = iAns
End Property

Public Sub Clear()
    ReDim ItemsArray(0) As String
    Combo1.Clear
End Sub

Public Sub RemoveItem(Index As Integer)
    ArrayRemoveItem ItemsArray, Index
    Combo1.RemoveItem (Index)
End Sub

Public Sub AddItem(Item As String)
    If Item = "" Then Exit Sub
    
    Combo1.AddItem UCase(Item)
    
    If ItemsArray(0) = "" Then
        ItemsArray(0) = Item
    Else
        ReDim Preserve ItemsArray(UBound(ItemsArray) + 1) As String
        ItemsArray(UBound(ItemsArray)) = Item
    End If
End Sub

Public Sub AddItems(ParamArray Items() As Variant)
    Dim iCtr As Integer
    
    For iCtr = 0 To UBound(Items)
        AddItem UCase(CStr(Items(iCtr)))
    Next
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_ReadProperties(PropBag As PropertyBag)
    With PropBag
        BackColor = .ReadProperty("BackColor", Combo1.BackColor)
        Enabled = .ReadProperty("Enabled", True)
        FontBold = .ReadProperty("FontBold", False)
        FontItalic = .ReadProperty("FontItalic", False)
        FontName = .ReadProperty("FontName", "Tahoma")
        FontSize = .ReadProperty("FontSize", 8)
        FontStrikethru = .ReadProperty("FontStrikethru", False)
        FontUnderline = .ReadProperty("FontUnderline", False)
        ForeColor = .ReadProperty("ForeColor", Combo1.ForeColor)
        Text = .ReadProperty("Text", "")
    End With
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_WriteProperties(PropBag As PropertyBag)
    With PropBag
        .WriteProperty "BackColor", BackColor
        .WriteProperty "Enabled", Enabled, True
        .WriteProperty "FontBold", FontBold, False
        .WriteProperty "FontItalic", FontItalic
        .WriteProperty "FontName", FontName, "Ms Sans Serif"
        .WriteProperty "FontSize", FontSize, 8
        .WriteProperty "FontStrikethru", FontStrikethru, False
        .WriteProperty "FontUnderline", FontUnderline, False
        .WriteProperty "ForeColor", ForeColor
        .WriteProperty "Text", Text
    End With
End Sub

Private Sub ArrayRemoveItem(ItemArray As Variant, ByVal ItemElement As Long)
    Dim lCtr As Long
    Dim lTop As Long
    Dim lBottom As Long
    
    lTop = UBound(ItemArray)
    lBottom = LBound(ItemArray)
    
    For lCtr = ItemElement To lTop - 1
        ItemArray(lCtr) = ItemArray(lCtr + 1)
    Next
    
    ReDim Preserve ItemArray(lBottom To lTop - 1)
End Sub

Public Property Get ListIndex() As Integer
ListIndex = Combo1.ListIndex

End Property

Public Property Let ListIndex(ByVal NewValue As Integer)
Combo1.ListIndex = NewValue
PropertyChanged "ListIndex"

End Property

ADO ConnectionString Maker for Available DSNs

2010-05-17T22:14:00.002+07:00

Using this example, you will create and edit ConnectionStrings based on all availiable DSN and ODBC Driver properties. For example, you can connect to an MS Access Database with 3 different ADO Providers. This code gives you a taste of the many variations of ADO ConnectionStrings that can be arranged with your system's ODBC settings.

Code:

'******************
'YOU NEED:

'VB 6 with:
'Reference Setting checked - "Microsoft OLE DB Service Component
'1.0 Type Library"

'Reference Setting checked - "Microsoft ActiveX
'Data Objects 2.0 Library"


'******************

'STEPS:

'(1)Create EXE project

'(2)Place a long TextBox control named "txtconstr" on form
'[this is your ADO string]

'(3)Place a CommandButton called "cmdNew" on form

'(4)Place a second CommandButton called "cmdEdit" on form

'(5) Insert this code [new]

Private Sub cmdNew_Click()
On Error GoTo ERRORHANDLER
    Dim objDataLink As New DataLinks
    Dim strConn As String

    strConn = objDataLink.PromptNew
    txtConStr.Text = strConn

    Exit Sub
ERRORHANDLER:
    txtConStr.Text = ""
End Sub

'(6)Insert this code [edit]

Private Sub cmdEdit_Click()
On Error GoTo ERRORHANDLER
    Dim objDataLink As New DataLinks
    Dim ADOCN As New ADODB.Connection
    Dim strConn As String

    ADOCN.ConnectionString = txtConStr.Text
    strConn = objDataLink.PromptEdit(ADOCN)
    txtConStr.Text = ADOCN.ConnectionString

    Exit Sub
    
ERRORHANDLER:
     MsgBox "An invalid ADO ConnectionString was detected. Please try again!"
     txtConStr.Text = ""
     
End Sub

Active Resizer

2010-05-17T20:45:00.005+07:00

Net_Resize.CTL

Option Explicit

' if True, also fonts are resized '
Public ResizeFont As Boolean

' if True, form's height/width ratio is preserved '
Public KeepRatio As Boolean

Private Type TControlInfo
       
       ctrl As Control
       Left As Single
       Top As Single
       Width As Single
       Height As Single
       FontSize As Single
       Tag      As String
       
End Type

Private Type TAllowChanges
  
       AllowChangeTop As Boolean
       AllowChangeLeft As Boolean
       AllowChangeWidth As Boolean
       AllowChangeHeight As Boolean
        
End Type

' this array holds the original position  '
' and size of all controls on parent form '
Dim Controls() As TControlInfo

' a reference to the parent form '
Private WithEvents ParentForm As Form

' parent form's size at load time '
Private ParentWidth As Single
Private ParentHeight As Single

' ratio of original height/width '
Private HeightWidthRatio As Single

Private Function CheckForChanges(ByVal TagToUse As String) As TAllowChanges
  On Error Resume Next
  Dim ChangesToAllow As TAllowChanges
  
  ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeTop = True
  ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeLeft = True
  ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeWidth = True
  ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeHeight = True
    
  If TagToUse <> "" Then
    
    If UCase(Left(TagToUse, 9)) = "MSIRESIZE" Then
      
      ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeTop = False
      ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeLeft = False
      ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeWidth = False
      ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeHeight = False
    
      If Mid(TagToUse, 10, 1) = "Y" Then
      
        ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeLeft = True
        
      End If
      
      If Mid(TagToUse, 11, 1) = "Y" Then
      
        ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeTop = True
        
      End If
      
      If Mid(TagToUse, 12, 1) = "Y" Then
      
        ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeWidth = True
        
      End If
      
      If Mid(TagToUse, 13, 1) = "Y" Then
      
        ChangesToAllow.AllowChangeHeight = True
        
      End If
      
    End If
    
  End If
  
  CheckForChanges = ChangesToAllow
  
End Function

Private Sub ParentForm_Load()
On Error Resume Next
  ' the ParentWidth variable works as a flag '
  ParentWidth = 0
  
  ' save original ratio '
  HeightWidthRatio = ParentForm.Height / ParentForm.Width
  
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_ReadProperties(PropBag As PropertyBag)
  On Error Resume Next
  ResizeFont = PropBag.ReadProperty("ResizeFont", False)
  KeepRatio = PropBag.ReadProperty("KeepRatio", False)
  
  If Ambient.UserMode = False Then
    
    Exit Sub
  
  End If
  
  ' store a reference to the parent form and start receiving events '
  Set ParentForm = Parent
  
End Sub
Private Sub UserControl_Resize()
On Local Error Resume Next
  UserControl.Width = 480
  UserControl.Height = 480
  
End Sub

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' trap the parent form's Resize event      '
' this include the very first resize event '
' that occurs soon after form's load       '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Private Sub ParentForm_Resize()
  On Error Resume Next
  If ParentWidth = 0 Then
    Rebuild
  
  Else
    Refresh
  
  End If
  
End Sub

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' save size and position of all controls on parent form                  '
' you should manually invoke this method each time you add a new control '
' to the form (through Load method of a control array)                   '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Sub Rebuild()
  On Error Resume Next
  ' rebuild the internal table
  Dim i As Integer
  Dim ctrl As Control
  
'  Dim Changes As TAllowChanges
  
  ' this is necessary for controls that don't support
  ' all properties (e.g. Timer controls)
  On Error Resume Next
    
  If Ambient.UserMode = False Then
    
    Exit Sub
    
  End If
    
  ' save a reference to the parent form, and its initial size
  Set ParentForm = UserControl.Parent
  ParentWidth = ParentForm.ScaleWidth
  ParentHeight = ParentForm.ScaleHeight
    
  ' read the position of all controls on the parent form
  ReDim Controls(ParentForm.Controls.Count - 1) As TControlInfo
    
  For i = 0 To ParentForm.Controls.Count - 1
     
     Set ctrl = ParentForm.Controls(i)
        
'     Changes = CheckForChanges(ctrl)
     Controls(i).Tag = ctrl.Tag
     With Controls(i)
          
                 Set .ctrl = ctrl
                     
'                     If Changes.AllowChangeLeft = True Then
                       .Left = ctrl.Left
'                     End If
'                     If Changes.AllowChangeTop = True Then
                       .Top = ctrl.Top
'                     End If
        If .Tag = "" Then
'                     If Changes.AllowChangeTop = True Then
                       .Width = ctrl.Width
'                     End If
'                     If Changes.AllowChangeTop = True Then
                       .Height = ctrl.Height
'                     End If
                     .FontSize = ctrl.Font.Size
        End If
     End With
        
  Next
  
End Sub

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' update size and position of controls on parent form '
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Sub Refresh()
  On Error Resume Next
  Dim i As Integer
  Dim ctrl As Control
  Dim minFactor As Single
  Dim widthFactor As Single
  Dim heightFactor As Single
  
  Dim Changes As TAllowChanges
    
  ' inhibits recursive calls if KeepRatio = True '
  Static executing As Boolean
  
  If executing Then
    
    Exit Sub
    
  End If
    
  If Ambient.UserMode = False Then
    
    Exit Sub
    
  End If
    
  If KeepRatio Then
    
    executing = True
    
    ' we must keep original ratio '
    ParentForm.Height = HeightWidthRatio * ParentForm.Width
    executing = False
  
  End If
    
  ' this is necessary for controls that don't support '
  ' all properties (e.g. Timer controls)              '
  On Error Resume Next

  widthFactor = ParentForm.ScaleWidth / ParentWidth
  heightFactor = ParentForm.ScaleHeight / ParentHeight
  
  ' take the lesser of the two '
  If widthFactor < heightFactor Then
    
    minFactor = widthFactor
  
  Else
    
    minFactor = heightFactor
  
  End If
    
  ' this is a regular resize '
  For i = 0 To UBound(Controls)
        
     Changes = CheckForChanges(Controls(i).ctrl.Tag)
     
     With Controls(i)
                     
                     ' move and resize the controls - we can't use a Move '
                     ' method because some controls do not support the change '
                     ' of all the four properties (e.g. Height with comboboxes) '
                     If Changes.AllowChangeLeft = True Then
                       
                       .ctrl.Left = .Left * widthFactor
                     
                     End If
                     
                     If Changes.AllowChangeTop = True Then
                       
                       .ctrl.Top = .Top * heightFactor
                     
                     End If
          If .Tag = "" Then
                     ' the change of font must occur *before* the resizing '
                     ' to account for companion scrollbar of listbox '
                     ' and other similar controls '
                     If ResizeFont Then
                       
                       .ctrl.Font.Size = .FontSize * minFactor
                     
                     End If
                     
                     If Changes.AllowChangeWidth = True Then
                       
                       .ctrl.Width = .Width * widthFactor
                     
                     End If
                     
                     If Changes.AllowChangeHeight = True Then
                       
                       .ctrl.Height = .Height * heightFactor
                     
                     End If
         End If
     End With
  
  Next
  
End Sub

Private Sub UserControl_WriteProperties(PropBag As PropertyBag)
  
  Call PropBag.WriteProperty("ResizeFont", ResizeFont, False)
  Call PropBag.WriteProperty("KeepRatio", KeepRatio, False)

End Sub

Form1.FRM

Instal SQL Server 2008

2010-05-17T02:13:00.001+07:00

Instal SQL Server 2008

.NET Defined

2010-05-17T00:34:00.000+07:00

Before getting deeply into the subject we will first know how Businesses are related to Internet, what .NET means to them and what exactly .NET is built upon. As per the product documentation from a Business perspective, there are three phases of the Internet. The First phase gets back to the early 1990's when Internet first came into general use and which brought a big revolution for Businesses. In the First phase of the Internet Businesses designed and launched their Website's and focused on the number of hits to know how many customers were visiting their site and interested in their products, etc. The Second phase is what we are in right now and in this phase Businesses are generating revenue through Online Transactions. We are now moving into the Third phase of the Internet where profit is the main priority. The focus here is to Businesses effectively communicate with their customers and partners who are geographically isolated, participate in Digital Economy and deliver a wide range of services. How can that be possible? The answer, with .NET.

What is .NET ?

Many people reckon that it's Microsoft's way of controlling the Internet, which is false. .NET is Microsoft's strategy of software that provides services to people any time, any place, on any device. An accurate definition of .NET is, it's an XML Web Services platform which allows us to build rich .NET applications, which allows users to interact with the Internet using wide range of smart devices (tablet devices, pocket PC's, web phones etc), which allows to build and integrate Web Services and which comes with many rich set of tools like Visual Studio to fully develop and build those applications.

What are Web Services?

Web Services are the applications that run on a Web Server and communicate with other applications. It uses a series of protocols to respond to different requests. The protocols on which Web Services are built are summarized below:

UDDI:

Stands for Universal Discovery and Description Integration. It's said to be the Yellow Pages of Web Services which allows Businesses to search for other Businesses allowing them to search for the services it needs, know about the services and contact them.

WSDL:

Stands for Web Services Description Language, often called as whiz-dull. WSDL is an XML document that describes a set of SOAP messages and how those messages are exchanged.

SOAP:

Stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It's the communication protocol for Web Services.

XML, HTTP and SMTP:

Stands for Extensible Markup Language, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and Simple Message Transfer Protocol respectively. UDDI, WSDL and SOAP rely on these protocols for communication.

The image below shows the order of the protocols on which Web Services are built:

Example of a Web Services Application

Let's say a customer accesses a Website and buys something. The Web services of the business will communicate with the inventory system to see if there is enough stock to fulfill the order. If not, the system can communicate with the suppliers to find one or all of the parts that make up the order before filling the order. At all stages the customer will be kept informed via messages. The end result is a seamless system communicating and exchanging information easily regardless of the platform they are all running on. The business don't need to worry about going to the wrong supplier because it asks the Web service running on the supplier system what it does. And the business doesn't have to worry about the other system's methods of handling data because they communicate via SOAP and XML.

Real World Application

Microsoft's passport service is an example of a .NET service. Passport is a Web-based service designed to make signing in to Websites fast and easy. Passport enables participating sites to authenticate a user with a single set of sign-in credentials eliminating the need for users to remember numerous passwords and sign-in names. You can use one name and password to sign in to all .NET Passport-participating sites and services. You can store personal information in your .NET Passport profile and, if you choose, automatically share that information when you sign in so that participating sites can provide you with personalized services. If you use Hotmail for your email needs then you should be very much familiar with the passport service.

To find out more about how Businesses are implementing Web Services and the advantages it is providing please visit Microsoft's Website and check out the case studies published.

What is .NET Built On?

.NET is built on the Windows Server System to take major advantage of the OS and which comes with a host of different servers which allows for building, deploying, managing and maintaining Web-based solutions. The Windows Server System is designed with performance as priority and it provides scalability, reliability, and manageability for the global, Web-enabled enterprise. The Windows Server System integrated software products are built for interoperability using open Web standards such as XML and SOAP.

Core Windows Server System Products include :

SQL Server2000: This Database Server is Web enabled and is designed with priority for .NET based applications. It is scalable, easy to manage and has a native XML store.

Application Center 2000:

This product is designed to manage Web Applications.

Commerce Server 2000:

This powerful Server is designed for creating E-Commerce based applications.

Mobile Information Server:

This Server provides real-time access for the mobile community. Now Outlook users can use their Pocket PC's to access all their Outlook data while they are moving.

Exchange Server 2000:

This is a messaging system Server and allows applications on any device to access information and collaborate using XML.

BizTalk Server 2000:

This is the first product created for .NET which is XML based and allows to build business process that integrate with other services in the organization or with other Businesses.

Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000:

This Server provides Security and Protection for machines. It is an integrated firewall and Web cache server built to make the Web-enabled enterprise safer, faster, and more manageable.

Host Integration Server 2000:

This Server allows for the Integration of mainframe systems with .NET.

When developing real world projects if you don't know how to use the above mentioned Server's which are built for .NET based applications do not worry. Your System Administrator is always there to help you.

.NET and XML

There is a lot of connection between XML and .NET. XML is the glue that holds .NET together. XML looks similar to HTML which is readable and text-based. XML is a method of putting structured data into a text file. XML is the specification for defining the structure of the document. Around this specification a whole family of optional modules are being developed. The eason why XML is linked so much to .NET is, it's platform independent and is well supported on any environment. To move the data contained in an XML file around different organizations using different software on different platforms it should be packed it into something. That something is a protocol like SOAP.

About SOAP

SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol is a simple, lightweight protocol for exchanging information between peers in a decentralized, distributed environment. It is an XML based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelop that describes what is in the message and how it should be processed, a set of encoding rules and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses.

.NET vs Java

Many of us wonder what .NET has to do with Java. Is there any relation between them? Are they similar? and so on. I even hear some people say .NET is Microsoft's answer to Java. I think every language has its own pros and cons. Java is one of the greatest programming languages created by humans. Java doesn't have a visual interface and requires us to write heaps of code to develop applications. On the other hand, with .NET, the Framework supports around 20 different programming languages which are better and focus only on business logic leaving all other aspects to the Framework. Visual Studio .NET comes with a rich visual interface and supports drag and drop. Many applications were developed, tested and maintained to compare the differences between .NET and Java and the end result was a particular application developed using .NET requires less lines of code, less time to develop and lower deployment costs along with other important issues. Personally, I don't mean to say that Java is gone or .NET based applications are going to dominate the Internet but I think .NET definitely has an extra edge as it is packed with features that simplify application development.

OOP with VB

2010-05-17T00:21:00.001+07:00

OOP Basics

Visual Basic was Object-Based, Visual Basic .NET is Object-Oriented, which means that it's a true Object Oriented Programming Language. Visual Basic .NET supports all the key OOP features like Polymorphism, Inheritance, Abstraction and Encapsulation. It's worth having a brief overview of OOP before starting OOP with VB.

Why Object Oriented approach?

A major factor in the invention of Object-Oriented approach is to remove some of the flaws encountered with the procedural approach. In OOP, data is treated as a critical element and does not allow it to flow freely. It bounds data closely to the functions that operate on it and protects it from accidental modification from outside functions. OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called objects and then builds data and functions around these objects. A major advantage of OOP is code reusability.

Some important features of Object Oriented programming are as follows:

Emphasis on data rather than procedure
Programs are divided into Objects
Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions
Objects can communicate with each other through functions
New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary
Follows bottom-up approach

Concepts of OOP:

Objects
Classes
Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Briefly on Concepts:

Objects

Objects are the basic run-time entities in an object-oriented system. Programming problem is analyzed in terms of objects and nature of communication between them. When a program is executed, objects interact with each other by sending messages. Different objects can also interact with each other without knowing the details of their data or code.

Classes

A class is a collection of objects of similar type. Once a class is defined, any number of objects can be created which belong to that class.

Data Abstraction and Encapsulation

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes.

Storing data and functions in a single unit (class) is encapsulation. Data cannot be accessible to the outside world and only those functions which are stored in the class can access it.

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process by which objects can acquire the properties of objects of other class. In OOP, inheritance provides reusability, like, adding additional features to an existing class without modifying it. This is achieved by deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have combined features of both the classes.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. An operation may exhibit different behaviors in different instances. The behavior depends on the data types used in the operation. Polymorphism is extensively used in implementing Inheritance.

Advantages of OOP

Object-Oriented Programming has the following advantages over conventional approaches:

OOP provides a clear modular structure for programs which makes it good for defining abstract datatypes where implementation details are hidden and the unit has a clearly defined interface.
OOP makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences to existing ones.
OOP provides a good framework for code libraries where supplied software components can be easily adapted and modified by the programmer. This is particularly useful for developing graphical user interfaces.

Multitier Architecture

2010-05-14T11:33:00.000+07:00

In software engineering, multi-tier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client–server architecture in which the presentation, the application processing, and the data management are logically separate processes. For example, an application that uses middleware to service data requests between a user and a database employs multi-tier architecture. The most widespread use of "multi-tier architecture" refers to three-tier architecture. N-tier application architecture provides a model for developers to create a flexible and reusable application. By breaking up an application into tiers, developers only have to modify or add a specific layer, rather than have to rewrite the entire application over. There should be a presentation tier, a business or data access tier, and a data tier. The concepts of layer and tier are often used interchangeably. However, one fairly common point of view is that there is indeed a difference, and that a layer is a logical structuring mechanism for the elements that make up the software solution, while a tier is a physical structuring mechanism for the system infrastructure.

Three-tier architecture
Three-tier is a client–server architecture in which the user interface, functional process logic ("business rules"), computer data storage and data access are developed and maintained as independent modules, most often on separate platforms. It was developed by John J. Donovan in Open Environment Corporation (OEC), a tools company he founded in Cambridge, MA.
The three-tier model is a software architecture and a software design pattern.
Apart from the usual advantages of modular software with well defined interfaces, the three-tier architecture is intended to allow any of the three tiers to be upgraded or replaced independently as requirements or technology change. For example, a change of operating system in the presentation tier would only affect the user interface code.
Typically, the user interface runs on a desktop PC or workstation and uses a standard graphical user interface, functional process logic may consist of one or more separate modules running on a workstation or application server, and an RDBMS on a database server or mainframe contains the computer data storage logic. The middle tier may be multi-tiered itself (in which case the overall architecture is called an "n-tier architecture").

Three-tier architecture has the following three tiers:

Presentation tier
This is the topmost level of the application. The presentation tier displays information related to such services as browsing merchandise, purchasing, and shopping cart contents. It communicates with other tiers by outputting results to the browser/client tier and all other tiers in the network.

Application tier (Business Logic/Logic Tier/Data Access Tier/Middle Tier)
The logic tier is pulled out from the presentation tier and, as its own layer, it controls an application’s functionality by performing detailed processing.
Data tier
This tier consists of Database Servers. Here information is stored and retrieved. This tier keeps data neutral and independent from application servers or business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves scalability and performance.
Comparison with the MVC architecture
At first glance, the three tiers may seem similar to the MVC (Model View Controller) concept; however, topologically they are different. A fundamental rule in a three-tier architecture is the client tier never communicates directly with the data tier; in a three-tier model all communication must pass through the middleware tier. Conceptually the three-tier architecture is linear. However, the MVC architecture is triangular: the View sends updates to the Controller, the Controller updates the Model, and the View gets updated directly from the Model.
From a historical perspective the three-tier architecture concept emerged in the 1990s from observations of distributed systems (e.g., web applications) where the client, middleware and data tiers ran on physically separate platforms. Whereas MVC comes from the previous decade (by work at Xerox PARC in the late 1970s and early 1980s) and is based on observations of applications that ran on a single graphical workstation; MVC was applied to distributed applications much later in its history.
Web development usage
In the web development field, three-tier is often used to refer to websites, commonly electronic commerce websites, which are built using three tiers:

A front-end web server serving static content, and potentially some are cached dynamic content. In web based application, Front End is the content rendered by the browser. The content may be static or generated dynamically.
A middle dynamic content processing and generation level application server, for example Java EE, ASP.NET, PHP platform.
A back-end database, comprising both data sets and the database management system or RDBMS software that manages and provides access to the data.

Other considerations
Data transfer between tiers is part of the architecture. Protocols involved may include one or more of SNMP, CORBA, Java RMI, .NET Remoting, Windows Communication Foundation, sockets, UDP, web services or other standard or proprietary protocols. Often Middleware is used to connect the separate tiers. Separate tiers often (but not necessarily) run on separate physical servers, and each tier may itself run on a cluster.
Traceability
The End-To-End traceability of n-tier systems is a challenging task which becomes more important when systems increase in complexity. The Application Response Measurement defines concepts and APIs for measuring performance and correlating transactions between tiers.

Visual Overview Of A Three-tiered Application

Sampel Project

Cloning your Hard Drive and Saving Every Bit of Data

2010-05-13T10:19:00.000+07:00

They cloned a sheep once, and that sheep had every thing similar to its clone source, except of course it's memories. With your hard drive on the other hand, you can copy its memory, every last bit of it, and restore it on a completely different hard drive.
Cloning your hard drive is something that a person needs to do or at least wants to do, once in their life. The fact is hard drives go bad sometimes, and other times people plain old just want to get a new one with more storage capacity. Either way, wouldn't it be nice to be able to get a new hard drive and make it have the exact same data as your old one, so you could pick up right where you left off?
Think about it, that means you wouldn't have to reinstall your operating system, put all of your important data on it, or even set all of those pesky little preferences back to the way you want it. They would already be done, because you just made a clone of your old hard drive, and all data will be exactly the same. So how can you accomplish this?
The best way to clone your hard drive, and easiest, is to use a good hard drive imaging software. If you plan to use cloning software, all you have to do is insert the disk, follow its instructions and then it will start the cloning process. You may be wondering where you save your data image too. Well believe it or not, you can actually save it on the hard drive that you just made the image from, but of course if more then half is being used by data, it will not fit.
Your other option then is to store it on a DVD, if it can fit, or the hard drive you actually plan on copying it to. That is what you want anyways right? The reason that is not the best option though, is because you would have to open up your computer and attach it to the same IDE cable that you current hard drive is attached to.
Then you would have to partition and format the new drive, and then and only then, you could start the immediate transfer of data from one hard drive to another.
Long process huh? Thought so, but don't worry, you still have some other options. You could also use RAID technology, which stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID basically works like this; you have two hard drives in your computer and they both are at least the same size and are attached to the same IDE cable. Then, whenever data is written to your main hard drive, it is also written to your backup one.
This means that you would have an always, up to date hard drive clone at all times. So if anything should happen, you can just boot from your other hard drive, and presto, you're in like Flynn.
On a final note, you need to understand that RAID won't help if you have a fire, tornado or some other disaster that might destroy your entire computer. For this reason, I don't really recommend anybody uses RAID, but instead do a backup weekly and store it on some kind of external storage device.
External storage devices can range from zip drives, DVD-R's, external hard drives, and anything else that can store large amounts of data, but not be in your computer. If you do that, and store the external data in a safe place, then you will forever be safe guarded against virus attacks, disasters, and anything else that might come your computers way.

ACCOUNTING APPLICATIONS

2010-05-12T21:19:00.000+07:00

In Indonesia there are lots of companies engaged in trading activities but unfortunately for the lower middle level many companies still use manual systems in order to implement the business process. Every day there is a lot of transactions that can cause inefficiency in the business process as it takes a long time to obtain the desired information. Therefore, it needs adequate accounting information system, to process of recording transactions that occurred and to produce information quickly and accurately. This accounting information system development begins with a survey of common business processes in retail companies. From the results obtained, the design and development of accounting information that comes with customization features that can be used in many retail companies. This application program can process sales, purchase, sale return, purchase returns, payment of debt, payment of accounts, creation of financial statements, and attached with customization features including selection of inventory method, inventory cost flow, and accounting periods.
All companies both services, trade and manufacturers need to do accounting to know the financial condition of its business. Because of the resulting financial statements will can show the company's financial situation actually, any gain or loss. Problems which will arise if the accounting systems do manually is a lot of timerequired to produce financial statements besides keakurasiannya level is also less. Whereas This financial report was then made as evaluation materials to take financial strategy the next period so that businesses cansurvive and progress. Among the above three types of business, trading business is the kind of company most ubiquitous in Indonesia started from a small level, medium to large. In addition, business processes and accounting systems of businesses trading with each other near the same. Therefore, this study focused on companies engaged in the trade such as shops, mini and supermarkets. Actually has a lot of software (software) sold in the market accounting from both foreign and domestic. But there are some disadvantages of such software, for example:

For software overseas / foreign expensive sold at a price that is not affordable, except that the software uses accounting terms in foreign languages so it will be difficult to understand by the public, especially if that use is a small business entity level. In addition, because of currency differences, the software has a limited number of digits used.
For software in the country there are several software tools that use less user friendly and less flexible implemented for all commercial businesses at all levels.

Therefore, required an accounting application that is able to facilitate trading company doing its accounting system. Application will be made in this study is equipped with customization features that allow trading of all levels to use them. Applications that can be generated will be set in accordance with the needs and desires with the company during the early mengimplementasiannya flexible.

SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI

Accounting is a process that consist of three activities, namely the identification, recording, and communicating the economic events in an organization. Definition of accounting information system is to process data and transactions to provide information needed by users to plan, control, and operation of the business. To generate the information needed for decision makers, then the accounting information system must be able to collect the transactions and other data and put it into the computer system, can process and store data for future, and provide information needed by the user in the form of a report produced information that is accurate, precise and reliable.

Accounting Equation

According to the accounting equation, is basically a corporate property rights of other parties in this case including the owner of the company. Instead of using capital from the owners, also use the loan to finance its operations. Because business entity concept requires separation of capital from property owners or corporate property, then the third element of the accounting equation is expressed as follows:

H = U + M

where:
H   =   property or assets
U   =   debt or obligation
M   =   capital owners
In the equation above, the use of debt will add to company property. But property companies are not entirely for the right owner. Therefore, the right side of the equation to separate the debt and capital owners. In other words, the increase does not always reflect the corporate property owners of capital increases.

INVENTORY METHODS

There are two methods of supply:

Perpetual System

In the perpetual system, all of the increase and decrease in trade goods are recorded in the same way by recording the increase decrease in cash. Inventories at the beginning of period stock on the date indicated. Purchases are recorded by debiting and crediting inventories of cash or business debt. At the date of sale, cost of merchandise sold is recorded by debiting and crediting the cost of sales of merchandise inventory.

Periodic System

In this method, revenues are recorded only every sale made. There is no verse which was made on the sales journal to record the cost of goods sold. At the end of the period of physical calculations must be performed to determine the cost or the cost of inventory and cost of sales.

INVENTORY COST FLOW METHOD

There are three inventory cost flow assumptions listing of merchandise, namely:

1. First-in first-out (FIFO)

In this method, the first item purchased is considered as the first item is also for sale. Cost of goods trade in the consolidated statement of income is assumed to cost of goods purchased first.

2. Last-in first-out (LIFO)

In this method, the last goods purchased are considered as the first item for sale. Cost of goods is the same as the last item purchased.

3. Average

In this method, the cost of trade goods of different purchase dates averaged to get a basic price recorded on the income statement.

SYSTEM DESIGN

Before performing application design, conducted the survey to some good trading business which has been computerized and the manual. The survey results are used as a guide in designing an application that requires general trading company. Customization Features From the survey it designed a few things that need to be customized at the time of initial application, namely:
1. Adding a new company profile that will use this application and all data is saved to the database.
2. Chart of Accounts. Companies can create their own Chart of Accounts as it has been used previously.

Or use the Chart of Accounts company that has been available. Accounts commonly used by commercial companies, large and small, during the operation are as follows:

Trade Inventory Account, used to record the amount of merchandise inventory.
Purchase Account, used to record all purchases of merchandise.
Accounts and Returns Purchase Price Reduction, used to record all transactions of the return of merchandise purchased and price reductions on the return of the goods.
Purchase Discounts account, used to record the transactions of purchase discounts.
Purchase Freight Expense account, used to record all payment transactions transportation costs of merchandise purchased.
Sales Account, used to record all sales transactions of merchandise.
Accounts and Sales Returns Price Reduction, used to record the receipt of merchandise that has been re-sale.
Sales Discount account, used to record the transactions of trade.
The use of the available accounts can also be changed during customization process is complete.

3. Inventory method.

The application was developed to provide two kinds of options, namely Perpeptual and Periodic

4. Inventory cost flow methods.

The application provides three kinds of options, namely FIFO, LIFO, and Average.

5. Accounting periods used.

Applications provides 6 kinds of options, namely 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months (one year). Start date accounting period can also be determined by the company.

Data Flow Diagram

To illustrate the flow of data on systems used data flow diagram (DFD). Manufacture DFD started from context diagram to outline describing the process contained in figure. Outer unity or entity involved in trading company system in figure are general there are four, namely: Customers as a party buy merchandise, as the Supplier supply of goods trade, as the Warehouse manage incoming and outgoing goods, and Owners as interested parties to get reports from all the processes that occur in business these. After making context diagram, followed to break into the system description more detail by making DFD level 0 and can be seen in Figure 2. In Figure 2, the system can be divided into three major processes, namely: customization, operations and accounting. Customization processes are processes that happen the first time a system is built. Data stored among other corporate profile, Chart Of Account (account), accounting periods and methods supplies used. All data were later will be needed in the operational process and on accounting process. At this level seems a data storage with the name 'Main Database' which is actually a separate database. Function of the 'Main Database' is to keep pan data on the company name and the name specialized databases used by each firm existing. The process is a process related operations with the main activities that take place in a trading business so that the necessary data by the system is associated with the Customer, Supplier, Warehouse, and owner. The process is a process that runs the accounting accounting cycle in the trading business. Data flow shown from the operational process to process accounting shows that the journalizing activity accounting is done automatically after the penrecords of operational activities. This accounting process later will produce reports and journals financial statements provided to owners.

Understanding Internet

2010-05-11T18:47:00.000+07:00

"Interconnected Network" - or more popularly known as the Internet - is a global communications system that links computers and computer networks around the world. Every computer and network connected - directly or indirectly - to some of the main trail, called "Internet backbone" and are distinguished from one another using a "unique names" commonly referred to as "IP address" 32 bits. Example: 202.159.32.0 (indo.net.id). Computers and networks with different platforms have different and characteristic of each (Unix, Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) to exchange information with a standard protocol known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

Internet Usage

Many usability benefits obtained from the Internet in all fields (business, academic, government, organizations etc), among others:1. The information is obtained more quickly and inexpensively with the application :

Email
WWW
NewsGroup
FTP
Gopher
etc

2. Reduce the cost of paper and distribution costs, for example:

Incoming Internet Newspapers
Magazines, brochures, etc.

3. As media campaigns, for example:

Image Company
Introduction, and ordering products

4. Interactive Communication

Email
WWW Customer Support
Video Conferencing
Internet Relay Chat
Internet Phone

5. As a means of Research and Development

6. Data exchange

Internet History

In 1969, the U.S. Defense Department research agency, DARPA's (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency), funded a study to float data communication network between computers. This research aims to develop communication arrangements between computers that meet the following requirements:

Working in a transparent manner, through a variety of data communication networks that are connected to one another.
Resistant to various disturbances (natural disasters, nuclear attack and others.)

Successful development of this network and generate the ARPANET.

Internet applications is the first time found FTP, following E-mail address and Telnet. ARPANET becomes increasingly large. Data communication protocol used at that time, namely NCP (Network Communication Protocol), was not able to accommodate this large computer networks. To overcome this problem later DARPA funded the manufacture of more general communication protocols. This protocol called TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). In 1982 the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) says TCP / IP became the standard for its network. This Protocol and adopted a standard ARPANET in 1983. Bolt Beranek Newman company (BBN) makes protocol TCP / IP running on the UNIX operating system. In Saar's starting a marriage between the UNIX and TCP / IP. In 1984 the number of Internet hosts exceeds 10 000 units and at this time naming the computer still uses the host name table functions. With the growing size of the host on the Internet is creating problems in penamaannya. To solve this problem then introduced the Domain Name System (DNS) that replace the host name table. Domain name system is that until now we use to write the host name. In 1986, the national science agency of the United States U.S., National Science Foundation (NSF) to fund the manufacture TCP / IP network called NSFNET network is used to connect five supercomputer centers and allows connection of the universities in the United States with the speed backbone network (backbone ) equal to 56kbps. These networks then become the embryo development of the Internet that we know today. In the year 1987 stood UUNET is now a major provider of vague Internet. It was also the year the number of hosts across angka10.000. A year later NSFNET backbone network upgraded to T1 (1544 Mbps). In addition there are also several countries in Europe that entered the NSFNET network. In 1989 development of the Internet becomes more widespread and to reach Australia and New Zealand. In that year the number of hosts on the Internet reaching 100 000 Two years later the number of applications on the Internet increases with the creation of Wide Area Information Server (WAIS), Ghoper, and the World Wide Web (WWW). In that year the backbone network speeds increased to T3 (45Mbps). In 1992 the number of hosts on the Internet reaching one million host. One trigger of this development is the ever-expanding developments contained in the Internet Gopher. In this year also for the first time conducted a radio broadcast audio and video multicast via IETF MBONE (multicast backbone).

WWW (Wold Wide Web)

Before the development of the WWW, the Internet is generally only used by academics and research. In 1993, NCSA released Mosaic, the WWW browser with graphics capabilities. This browser can be used on Windows and Macintosh. In that year also appeared the result of Mosaic. This can be seen from the development of the WWW data traffic at that time reached almost 342 000% while only 997% Gopher development. Business world and the media also began to glance at the Internet because of this development. Mosaic presence proved to be a turning point was the development of the Internet is only used by academics and research, to be used by the people for business and entertainment it is today.

Services in the TCP / IP (Internet)

WWW Service is currently the most popular service among all types of services TCP / IP. WWW server is accessed using WWW browser such as Netscape and Internet Explorer. Protocol used for this service is HHTP (Hypertex Transfer Protocol) Telnet Service allows Internet users to log into another computer, and run-command perinta in existing computers. E-mail services, including applications that are currently popular on the Internet. Protocol used for this service is SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) to send the email. POP (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) to retrieve email from the server. USENET service is a type of service similar to e-mail. DaLA, news service, users send a letter to the newsgroups that discuss the topic-specific topics. In USENET servers connected to each other and forward any mail received to another server under agreed rules between servers. Protocols to distribute news is NNTP (News Transport Protocol Network). Services IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is one of interactive services that can be found on TCP / IP network. On the Internet there are many interconnected IRC servers and Internet users simply go to any indecent server to be able to chat with other users even if they go to a different server. Developments in Internet services increases with the audio and video services that are streamed. Streaming is a type of service that directly process the data received, without waiting for completion of all data sent. Streaming application example is RealPlayer from RealNetworks.

Internet Growth

Internet has a very good growth and very rapid current. From statistical data obtained, are as follows:

3 million hosts are connected at the end of 1994
Population 30 million users (1995)
Growth of 10% per month
100 million users in 1998, estimated the year 2010 everyone will be connected to the Internet
Email dominate 75% of business relationships.

Starting Internet

To start the Internet at least we need a computer, modem and telephone line. We also need to register to an Internet Service Provider to be able to get the software and access to the Internet.
Internet Service Provider is a company that provides services to the Internet or can be referred to as the gateway to the Internet. So we can connect to the Internet we need to register with the ISP to get the name and nature at on the Internet.

Type of connection provided by your Internet Service Provider:

* IP Connection

If all the hardware and software that we have wanted to directly connect to or access to the Internet, then we must use the IP (Internet Protocol) address.

* Dial UP Connection

If we use a modem to dial into the ISP to obtain a connection to the Internet, then it is called a dial-up access.

TCP / IP

2010-05-10T18:31:00.000+07:00

Before we talk about the Internet connection we must first know the TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). To be able to communicate from computer to computer (PC to PC), the computer must follow certain rules. This regulation is commonly referred to by the term protocol. Rules (Protocol) communication follows the standard OSI (Open Systems interconnecting). One of the OSI protocol that meets the standard protocol is TCP / IP. This protocol used to communicate on the Internet, IP (Internet Protocol).

IP Address Formats

IP number is a number that is used to determine the address of a computer. IP Nomot consists of 32 binary bits or 12 decimal digits.

1. Binary Shape

IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers separated by a dot marks the dividing every 8 bits. Every eight bits are called octets. The form is as follows:

xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx

each symbol x can be replaced by the numbers 0 and 1.

exampel:

10000100.1011100.1111001.00000001

2. Decimal

Notation IP address with binary numbers as above are not easy to read. To make it easier to read and write, then the IP address is often written as four decimal numbers, each separated by sebuat point. Penulisa format is called "dotted decimal notation" (dotted decimal notation). Each decimal number represents the value of an octet (eight bits) IP address. See examples below:

10000100 . 01011100 . 01111001 . 00000001

132.92.121.1

IP Address Classification

IP addresses are classified into several classes namely class A, B, C, D and E. The classification of these IP addresses can be characterized from three digits of its leading figures. See the table below:

Class	M S B
A	1 - 126
B	128 - 191
C	192 - 223
D	224 - 247
E	248 - 255

IP Private

Private IP is the IP numbers that are not recognizable presence on the Internet. He only recognized on the local network only. Example private IP:

Class	IP Private
A	10.0.0.1
B	172.0.0.1
C	192.168.0.1

There is another IP number which is also not used on the Internet that is 127.0.0.1 IP number is called the loopback IP.

Computer Address

To determine the address of a computer we must know the network address and Host address. Network address can be determined by looking at the classification of the computer's IP address and its subnet number. See the table below.

Class	IP	Network	Subnet Mask
A	64.1.25.8	64.0.0.0	255.0.0.0
B	175.1.25.8	175.1.0.0	255.255.0.0
C	195.1.25.8	195.1.25.0	255.255.255.0

Protokol Tranfer Data

2010-05-09T18:18:00.000+07:00

HTTP adalah protokol yang dipergunakan untuk mendistribusikan informasi pada WEB. HTTP adalah protokol yang yang hebat dan cepat untuk kemudahan pertukaran file antar teknologi WEB. Umumnya para pemakai dan publihers (penyedia) Web menginginkan kemanan. Mereka ingin melakukan transaksi Internet yang aman. Isu keamana yang sering muncul pada penggunaan eCommerce / Intenet Commerce adalah kemampuan pengesahan (authenticate) dan pengkodean (encryption) terhadap transaksi-transakasi elektonik.

Pada saat ini ada beberapa konsep untuk versi HTTP yang aman (secure HTTP). Yang populer adalah Secure HTTP (S-HTTP) dan Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Dengan diadopsinya konsep keamanan pada HTTP ini diharapkan akan menjamin keamanan transaksi bagi pemakai transaksi Online di Internet.

Bagaimana WEB Page bekerja?

Ketika kita melihat halaman-halam WEB, halaman-halaman WEB tersebut terlihat seperti surat kabar. Memanggil halaman WEB pada prinsipnya memerintah komputer kita untuk menampilkan halaman-halaman yang kita inginkan, dan selanjutnya halaman WEB muncul di layar komputer kita. Jika halaman web tersebut tersimpan pada komputer lokal (pada hardisk) komputer kita, halaman tersebut tentunya muncul dengan cepat. Namun jika halaman web tersebut terdapat pada komputer lain (komputer remote), maka halaman web tidak muncul secepat halman web pada komputer lokal tadi.

Sebelum kita mengenal apa itu HTML ada baiknya kita mengetahui dulu apa itu HTTP (hypertext transer protokol). HTTP merupakan protokol yang digunakan untuk mentransfer data atau dokumen antara web server ke web browser (Netscape, Internet Explorer dll).
Dan protokol ini sewaktu melakukan transfer, dokumen atau data webnya ditulis atau dengan menggunakan format HTML. HTML sendiri adalah singkatan dari "hypertext markup language". Disebut dengan markup language karena HTML berfungsi untuk memperindah file tulisan (text) biasa untuk dapat dilihat pada web browser-web browser yang ada.

WEB Server
1. Internet Information Server (IIS)
2. Personal WEB Server (PWS)
3. Apache
4. ColdFusion Server

WEB Client (Browser)
1. Internet Explorer
2. Netscape Navigator
3. Opera

Java Server Pages
Java Server Pages (JSP) merupakan teknologi server script yang berbasis pada bahasa Java. JSP merupakan bahasa server script yang diciptakan oleh SUN Microsystem untuk membangun aplikasi server. File yang dibuat dengan JSP adalah file-file HTML biasa yang di beri script JSP.

PHP
PHP adalah bahasa scripting yang menyatu dengan HTML dan berada di server (server side HTML embedded scripting). Perintah-perintah yang kita masukan akan sepenuhnya dijalankan dan dikerjakan di server.

Active Server Pages (ASP)
Active Server Page (ASP) adalah environment script yang dijalankan pada WEB server (Server Side Script). ASP dapat menjalankan berbagai script server antara lain VBScript, JScript.
VBScript sangat mirip dengan bahasa pemgrograman BASIC. Jadi jangan heran jika orang yang sudah mengerti Basic akan dengan mudah menerapkan VBScript pada WEB dinamicnya. Saya sendiri selalu mempergunakan VBScript untuk aplikasi WEB termasuk web ini dibangun dengan VBScript. Lebih detailnya WEB ini dibangun dengan Windows 2000 Server (system operasi), MS-SQL Server2000 (database server), IIS (WEB Server), ASP (Active Server Page) dan VBScript (Client & Server side Script) :).

Membuat Halaman Web
Membuat halaman web dapat dilakukan dengan NotePad, WordPad, MicrosoftWord, WordPerfect, Frotpage atau program lainnya di dalam PC Anda untuk membuat tulisan/text. Jika anda terbiasa dengan Microsoft Visual Basic, saya sarankan anda memakai Microsoft Visual Interdev sebagai alat untuk pengembangan aplikasi WEB anda karena kedua alat pengembangan ini mempunyai antar muka yang mirip. Berdasarkan pengalaman beberapa teman dalam mengembangkan Web database banyak berbekal dari pengalaman pada Visual Basic. VBScript yang dipergunakan pada pengembangan aplikasi web database biasanya adalah juga bekal dari pengalaman di Visual Basic. Jadi jangan heran jika melihat orang yang berbekal Visual Basic akan sangat mudah baginya membuat aplikasi WEB database. Komponen Server yang dapat dikembangkan dari Visual Basic memberikan kontribusi yang tidak sedikit terhadap aplikasi web yang dikembangkan. Terima kasih kepada Microsoft yang telah mengembangkan Tools yang dapat berintegrasi sampai kepada hampir semua level aplikasi yang telah dikembangkannya. Itulah Visual Basic.

Dasar-Dasar HTML

2010-05-08T17:51:00.000+07:00

Pada masa sekarang ini HTML merupakan interface standard Internet. Halaman-halaman HTML ini bisa mengandung animasi, suara, video, bahkan sampai program interaktif yang kompleks. Jataan halaman HTML setiap hari diakses dari WEB server - WEB server di seluruh dunia. Sudah menjadi trend memang sekarang ini perusahaan-perusahaan melakukan pertukaran informasi bisnis dan informasi intern pegawai dan pelanggan-pelanggan mereka. HTML sekarang menjadi pilihan untuk presentasi. Bahkan Microsoft sendiri telah mengintegrasikan HTML ke system operasi Windows-nya. Pendeknya HTML terdapat di mana-mana.

Pengertian HTML

HTML adalah bahasa markup yang umum digunakan. Kepopuleran HTML disebakan karena HTML ini mudah digunakan. Pembuatan dokument WEB dengan HTML dapat dilakukan dengan mudah dan cepat. Dokumen WEB dapat tersaji dengan cepat ke banyak pembaca di seluruh dunia sekaligus. HTML mudah melakukan kontrol terhadap tampilan halaman WEB baik berupa teks, gambar, suara, animasi maupun video.

HTML merupakan singkatan dari Hypertex Markup Language. HTML digunakan untuk membangun halaman WEB. Sekalipun banyak orang menyebutnya sebagai bahasa pemrograman, HTML sebenarnya sama sekali bukan bahasa pemrograman, hal ini terlihat dari namanya, HTML adalah suatu bahasa Markup. HTML digunakan untuk melakukan mark-up (penandaan) terhadap sebuah dokumen teks. Tanda tersebut digunakan untukmenentukan format atau style dari teks yang ditandai halaman web dibangun oleh kode-kode HTML yang disebut juga dengan tag-tag HTML

Tag yang harus di miliki oleh halaman WEB adalah:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Halaman WEB pertama saya</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Halo Dunia!
</BODY>
</HTML>

Di antara kedua tag tadi adalah tempat memasukkan apa saja ke dalam halaman web. Pada bagian HEAD, kita memberikan data mengenai dokumen kita. Tag penutup selalu ada pada halaman tersebut.

Paragraph/Baris Baru:
<P><BR>
Contoh:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Halaman WEB pertama saya</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Halo Dunia!<p>
Halo semuanya<br>
Ini adalah halaman WEB saya. <br>
Saya sedang belajar membuat halaman WEB dengan kode HTML<p>
Salam!
</BODY>
</HTML>

Hyperlink

Hyperlynk dapat dipergunakan untuk mengkaitkan dokumen HTML ke dokumen HTML pada URL (situs) yang berbeda, mengkaitkan antar dokumen HTML pada URL yang sama atau pengkaitan penunjukan tempat pada URL, dokumen HTML yang sama.

1. Mengkaitkan Halaman WEB pada URL yang Berbeda

contoh:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Utama</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Halo Dunia!<p>
Halo semuanya<br>
Ini adalah halaman WEB saya. <br>
<A hreff="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com">Klik di sini</a>untuk melihat data pribadi saya.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Simpan dokumen di atas dengan nama utama.htm kemudian buatlah file lain dengan nama pribadi.htm, lalu ketik kode-kode HTML di bawah ini:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Data Pribadi</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Nama: Thomas <br>
Alamat: Jalan Hati Hati Banyak Anak Anak<br>
Pekerjaan: WEB Developer<br><p>
<A hreff="utama.htm">klik di sini</a>untuk kembali
<A hreff="pribadi.htm">Klik di sini</a>untuk melihat data probadi saya.
</BODY>
</HTML>

2. Mengkaitkan Halaman WEB pada URL yang sama dan Dokumen yang Berbeda

contoh:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Utama</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Halo Dunia!<p>
Halo semuanya<br>
Ini adalah halaman WEB saya. <br>
<A hreff="pribadi.htm">Klik di sini</a>untuk melihat data pribadi saya.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Simpan dokumen di atas dengan nama utama.htm kemudian buatlah file lain dengan nama pribadi.htm, lalu ketik kode-kode HTML di bawah ini:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Data Pribadi</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Nama: Thomas <br>
Alamat: Jalan Hati Hati Banyak Anak Anak No 123<br>
Pekerjaan: Mencari Pekerjaan<br><p>
<A hreff="utama.htm">klik di sini</a>untuk kembali
<A hreff="pribadi.htm">Klik di sini</a>untuk melihat data pribadi saya.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Simpan dengan nama pribadi.htm

3. Mengkaitkan Halaman WEB pada URL yang sama dan Dokumen yang Sama

contoh:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Utama</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Halo Dunia!<p>
Halo semuanya<br>
Ini adalah halaman WEB saya. <br>
<A href="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com/">klik di sini </A> untuk mulai ke BAB I <BR>
Kode HTML adalah kode-kode pembangun halaman web<BR>
Kode tersebut biasanya dibentuk dalam file teks biasa<BR>
Membuat kode-kode HTML dapat dilakukan dengan teks editor biasa seperti notepad<BR>
Ada juga software khusus yang dirancang untuk<BR> memudahkan membangun kode-kode HTML seperti<BR> Microsoft FrontPage, Macromedia DreamWeaver<BR> lain-lain<BR>
<P>
Aplikasi pengolah kata Microsoft Word <BR>
juga dapat dipergunakan untuk <BR>
membuat dokument HTML.<BR>
Coba Lihat fasilitas Save AS WEB Page...<BR>
<P>
Halaman WEB yang dibentuk oleh kode-kode HTML<BR>
dapat menampilkan Teks, Gambar, animasi, Video, Suara<BR>
<P>
Dengan WEB pertukaran informasi menjadi lebih cepat<BR>
<A name=bab1>BAB I. HTML Sebagai Pembentuk Halaman WEB</A>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Font

Speksifikasi dari Huruf (Font) : <FONT> tag ini menerangkan bahwa sebuah tulisan mempunyai beberapa pelengkap.
Pelengkapnya adalah: Ukuran (SIZE), FACE, dan Warna (COLOR)

Ukuran (SIZE) : Menerangkan ukuran dari tulisan antara angka 1-7, tergantung kepada . angka 1 adalah yang terkecil dan angka 7 adalah yang terbesar.

FACE: Menerangkan huruf aktual yang Anda mau tampilkan jika huruf ini terinstal pada komputer pengguna. Anda diperbolehkan mempunyai 3 pilihan huruf, dengan dibatasi oleh koma.
Semua batasan (spaces) pada nama huruf harus diganti dengan "garis bawah" ( _ ).
Huruf yang Anda pilih harus ada pada komputer si pengunjung. Jika tidak, maka komputer akan lanjut ke pilihan huruf yang kedua (jika ada).
Jika tidak ada huruf yang ditemukan, maka huruf yang menjadi default yang akan ditampilkan oleh komputer. Untuk menjamin gabungan tulisan itu agar terlihat adalah merubahnya menjadi grafik.
Ini adalah huruf-huruf yang populer <FONT FACE="Helvetia, Times New Roman, Arial>

Warna (COLOR): Menerangkan warna dari huruf dengan namanya atau dengan angka RGB/HEX.

Contoh:

<FONT SIZE="4" FACE="Arial" COLOR="Red"> Tulisan ini akan berbeda dengan yang lain. </FONT>

Kode tersebut akan terlihat seperti ini: Tulisan ini akan berbeda dengan yang lain.

Huruf Dasar (Base Font): Tag ini ditempatkan disebelah kanan bawah dari BODY tag Anda dan tag ini menerangkan "default text" yang akan digunakan pada seluruh bagian dari halaman tersebut. Perlengkapan yang jadi satu bagian dari FONT tag dapat diterima. FONT tag tersebut akan me-overwrite setting dari BASEFONT.

Contoh:
<BASEFONT SIZE=2 FACE="Arial" COLOR="red">

Font Tag lainnya:

Catatan: Semua tag di bawah ini juga memerlukan sebuah tag penutup.

Catatan: Semua tag di bawah ini juga memerlukan sebuah tag penutup.

<B> Tulisan Tebal

<I> Tulisan Italic

<U> Underscore

<Strong> Strong

<SStrike> Strikeout ~~Menggambar sebuah garis sepanjang tulisan~~

<PRE> Preformatted

Preformatted Text

<SUP> Renders text sebagai superscript^{Renders text sebagai superscript}

<SUB> Renders test sebagai sub script_{Renders test sebagai sub script}

Membuat Tabel

Tabel adalah tag yang sangat penting dalam bahasa HTML. Untuk menjadi seorang web designer yang efektif Anda harus mengetahui dan mengerti bagaimana cara kerja dari sebuah tabel.

Ada tiga elemen pada tabel. tag dari <TABLE> tag dari row table <TR> dan tag dari sel tabel <TD>. Setiap Anda menambahkan sebuah tag <TR>, ini berarti Anda menambah 1 baris (row) ke bawah terhadap baris (row) berikutnya. Setiap Anda menambahkan sebuah tag <TD>, berarti Anda menambah sel baru disamping baris (row) yang sebelumnya. Elemen utama ada di bawah ini, bersama dengan pelengkapnya yang umum lainnya.

<TABLE> Pelengkapnya:

* align - meratakan tabel ke kiri, ke tengah atau ke kanan.

* bgcolor - menunjukkan warna background untuk semua tabel.

* border - menunjukkan lebarnya batas (border) dalam satuan pixel.

* cellpadding - luas yang tak terlihat diantara isi sel dan aktual dinding sel.

* cellspacing - luas yang aktual (dalam pixel) diantara dua sel.

* width - menunjukkan luas dari tabel dalam satuan pixel atau persentase

Contoh:

<TABLE align="center" bgcolor="blue" border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="90%">

<TR> Pelengkapnya:

* align - meratakan isi dari baris (row) yaitu ke kiri, tengah atau ke kanan.

* bgcolor - menunjukkan warna background dari baris (row).

* valign - meratakan secara vertikal isi dari baris (row) ke atas, ke tengah atau ke bawah.

Contoh:

<TR align="right" bgcolor="red" valign=top>

<TD> Pelengkapnya:

* align - meratakan isi dari row yaitu ke kiri, tengah atau ke kanan.

* background - tempat dari gambar background di dalam sel.

* bgcolor - menunjukkan warna background untuk semua tabel.

* height - menunjukkan tinggi dari sel dalam satuan pixel.

* nowrap - perlengkapan untuk mengunci isi yang kita buat agar tetap pada garis yang sama.

* valign - meratakan secara vertikal isi dari baris (row) ke atas, ke tengah atau ke bawah.

Latihan: Membuat Tabel 3 baris 4 kolom

<TABLE width="75%" border=1>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

ini adalah hasilnya:

BARIS 1 KOLOM 1	BARIS 1 KOLOM 2	BARIS 1 KOLOM 3	BARIS 1 KOLOM 4
BARIS 2 KOLOM 1	BARIS 2 KOLOM 2	BARIS 2 KOLOM 3	BARIS 2 KOLOM 4
BARIS 3 KOLOM 1	BARIS 3 KOLOM 2	BARIS 3 KOLOM 3	BARIS 3 KOLOM 4

Menyatukan Baris

<TABLE width="75%" border=1>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN=2></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

ini hasilnya (lihat baris yang disatukan)

BARIS 1 /2 KOLOM 1	BARIS 1 KOLOM 2	BARIS 1 KOLOM 3	BARIS 1 KOLOM 4
BARIS 1 /2 KOLOM 1	BARIS 2 KOLOM 2	BARIS 2 KOLOM 3	BARIS 2 KOLOM 4
BARIS 3 KOLOM 1	BARIS 3 KOLOM 2	BARIS 3 KOLOM 3	BARIS 3 KOLOM 4

Menyatukan Kolom

<TABLE width="75%" border=1>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2></TD>< /FONT>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

ini hasilnya (lihat kolom yang disatukan)

BARIS 1 KOLOM 1/2		BARIS 1 KOLOM 3	BARIS 1 KOLOM 4
BARIS 2 KOLOM 1	BARIS 2 KOLOM 2	BARIS 2 KOLOM 3	BARIS 2 KOLOM 4
BARIS 3 KOLOM 1	BARIS 3 KOLOM 2	BARIS 3 KOLOM 3	BARIS 3 KOLOM 4

WEB Database (Basis Data WEB)

2010-04-23T16:53:00.000+07:00

Dalam rekayasa perangkat lunak, suatu aplikasi web (bahasa Inggris: web application atau sering disingkat webapp) adalah suatu aplikasi yang diakses menggunakan penjelajah web melalui suatu jaringan seperti Internet atau intranet. Ia juga merupakan suatu aplikasi perangkat lunak komputer yang dikodekan dalam bahasa yang didukung penjelajah web (seperti HTML, JavaScript, AJAX, Java, dll) dan bergantung pada penjelajah tersebut untuk menampilkan aplikasi. Aplikasi web menjadi populer karena kemudahan tersedianya aplikasi klien untuk mengaksesnya, penjelajah web, yang kadang disebut sebagai suatu thin client (klien tipis). Kemampuan untuk memperbarui dan memelihara aplikasi web tanpa harus mendistribusikan dan menginstalasi perangkat lunak pada kemungkinan ribuan komputer klien merupakan alasan kunci popularitasnya. Aplikasi web yang umum misalnya webmail, toko ritel daring, lelang daring, wiki, papan diskusi, weblog, serta MMORPG.

Pengertian WEB Database

Pemakaian World Wide Web sebagai alat untuk menyajikan dan mengumpulkan data telah berkembang jauh melampaui tampilan halaman web sederhana. Halaman-halaman web begitu sulit diatur pada mulanya dan hampir mustahil untuk dapat diperbaharui setiap waktu. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, volume dan struktur data yang disajikan pada web membutuhkan penyimpanan dan pengolahan ke dalam sebuah database/ basis data dan kemudian menghasilkan halaman-halaman web yang berbasis pada database tersebut. Jumlah situs yang mendapat keuntungan dari pendekatan metode ini kian hari kian meningkat. Berbagai situs Web yang menyajikan informasi tentang kumpulan data-data merupakan calon pengguna Web database ini. Data-data itu bisa berupa produk penjualan, foto-foto pribadi, hyperlink, atau apapun yang kita mau. Pendekatan yang umum adalah mendefenisikan sebuah database/basis data (misalnya: dengan MS-Access), menambah rekord, menghapus, memperbarui atau mengelompokkan database dan langsung dibuat sebagai halaman web dengan cepat.
Keuntungan pendekatan semacam ini adalah:
- Database lebih mudah dipelihara daripada memelihara halaman-halaman web individual.
- Menggunakan fasilitas pencarian database untuk kata kunci yang kita inginkan.
- Dengan database jadi lebih mudah untuk menyajikan data yang sama dalam cara yang berbeda, misalnya: data ditampilkan berdasarkan kategori, berdasarkan uraian, berdasarkan usia atau berdasarkan field lain dalam database.

Kebutuhan untuk menyebarkan atau mengumpulkan informasi lewat halaman Web memang universal. Halaman web menjadikan tidak nampaknya perbedaan antara organisasi besar atau kecil; bisnis, pemerintahan, pendidikan atau pribadi; profit atau non profit. Tidak perduli apakah itemnya berupa barang antik, mobil bekas, perangko langka, barang seni, rumah yang mau dijual ataupun anak hilang. Jika anda berpikir bahwa membuat halaman web statis untuk menambhkan atau mengurangi item pada halaman web terasa membosankan, banyak kesalahan dan sulit dikelola dan dipelihara, maka WEB Database sangat cocok sekali diterapkan. Sebagai pengelola sekaligus pemelihara situs ini, saya sudah mengalaminya sendiri.

Komponen-komponen yang harus anda ketahui untuk membangun web database adalah:
- HTML
- Microsoft Active Server Page (ASP)
- Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript)
- Desain dan Implementasi Database
- Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)
- Structured Query Language (SQL)
- Windows NT atau Windows 2000 Server
- Internet Information Server (IIS)/ Personal Web Server (PWS)

Active Server Page

WEB telah berubah menjadi tempat yang interaktif. Pemakai tidak hanya ingin menjelajahi halaman web, mereka juga ingin mendapatkan kesan petualangan pada web tersebut. Membuat WEB server yang dapat memberikan pengalaman yang menggairahkan pemakai adalah tehnik penting yang harus dikuasai. Active Server Page (ASP) memungkinkan kita menerapkan logika pada sisi server. Pada masa silam aplikasi logik yang sering digunakan adalah CGI (Common Gateway Interface). Acrtive Server Page memberikan kemudahan untuk mengaplikasikan pengembangan pada sisi server. Kita dapat merancang dan mengembangkan ASP seperti dalam proses pengembangan WEB. ASP terdiri dari HTML dan script yang berada pada server. Bahasa Script populer yang biasa dipakai adalah sama dengan bahasa script yang berada pada sisi client yaitu VBScript dan JavaScript di dukung oleh ASP.

Mengapa Active Server Page Begitu Dinamis?

Active Server Pages dapat digunakan sebagai pusat untuk mengontrol aktifitas server. Kita dapat memberikan kode langsung ke Active Server Page. Pada Active Server Page kita dapat memasukkan ActiveX yang dapat dieksekusi di server. ASP dapat diintegrasikan dengan dengan komponen Active Server untuk membuat aplikasi yang kuat dan mantap pada Server.Sebagai contoh, kita dapat membangun Komponen Active SErver (ActiveX) dengan Visual Basic atau Visual C++ yang dapat mengolah data keuangan dan memberikan hasilnya melalui ASP. Kita juga dapat melakukan hubungan dengan basis data dengan ASP ini.

Mari Kita Lihat Lebih Dekat Apa yang Terjadi

Bagian ini mengupas bagaimana browser berinteraksi dengan ASP. Pertama, halaman WEB mengacu ke pada sebuat file ASP. File ASP mempunya ektensi .asp. Kode berikut adalah contoh demo pemanggilan ASP:

Ketika browser memanggil ASP (dalam hal ini "ProsesForm.asp") file ini pertama diproses oleh server. File ASP ini bisa terdiri dari kode HTML dan kode Script. Semua kode HTML di lewatkan langsung ke browser dengan baik, demikian juga semua Script pada Sisi-Client, Script Sisi-Server ditandai oleh tanda <% dan %>. Server menjalankan script Server dan mengembalikan hasilnya ke browser.

Mengenal ASP

Active Server Page (ASP) bisa terdiri dari kode Script dan kode HTML.

Model Objek ASP

Active Server Page mempergunakan objek yang memungkinkan dapat mengembangkan logika yang tepat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembuatan aplikasi. Model Objek ini mirip dengan model objek yang dipakai pada Visual Basic. 2 Objek dasar di bawah ini dapat dipergunakan pada ASP:
1. Request
2. Response

Tiap objek ini akan di bahas dengan detail berikut ini.
1. Request
Objek Request memungkinkan kita mengambil informasi dari pamakai. Objek ini sangat berguna ketika kita mencoba mengumpulkan informasi dari pemakai. Buku tamu adalah contoh yang bagus untuk dijadikan bahan praktek untuk mengambil informasi dari pemakai.
2. Response
Kita dapat mempergunakan objek response ini untuk mengirim informasi ke pemakai.
Di bawah ini adalah contoh script buku tamunya:

Ini adalah file form HTML yang dipergunakan untuk mengambil data (frmData.htm)
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM NAME="frmTamu" METHODE="post" ACTION="Tamu.asp">
<H1>Isi Buku Tamu</H1>
Nama :<INPUT NAME="txtNama">
      <BR>
Email:<INPUT NAME="txtEmail"
      <BR>
Tahu ThomasIPT dari:<INPUT NAME=txtTahuDari>
      <BR>
Komentar:<TEXTAREA NAME=txtComment ROWS=5 COLS=64></TEXTAREA>
      <BR>
      <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="OK" NAME="btnSubmit">
      <BR>
      <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="Batal" NAME="btnReset">
      <BR>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Di bawah ini adalah file yang dipergunakan untuk memproses data (tamu.asp)

<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<%
'deklarasi variabel
Dim Nama
Dim Email
Dim
      TahuDari
Dim Komentar
' ambil data dari form
Nama =
      Request.Form("txtNama")
Email = Request.Form("txtEmail")
TahuDari=
      Request.Form("txtTahuDari")
Komentar = Request.Form("txtComment")
' tulis nama pada halaman WEB
Response.Write Nama
Response.Write Email
Response.Write TahuDari
Response.Write Komentar
%>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Perhatikan kata yang diberi warna merah. Methode="Post" kata ini menjelaskan metode pemasukan data yang dipergunakan (dlm hal ini methoe Post) methode Post biasanya dipergunakan dengan form HTML. Action="Tamu.asp" kata ini menjelaskan nama file yang akan memproses data dari form HTML tersebut.

JavaScript

JavaScript adalah bahasa script yang dipergunakan di Internet Browser sebelum VBScript dan JScript milik Microsoft oleh perusahaan Netscape. JavaScript berbeda dengan pemrograman Java yang di kembangkan oleh Sun Microsystem. Namun kedua perusahaan ini Netscape dan Sun Microsystem bekerjasama dalam mengembangkan JavaScript dan Java. Java adalah bahasa pemrogaman sedangkan JavaScript adalah bahasa scripting. Kita dapat membuat program yang berdiri sendiri dengan Java sedangkan Scrip yang ditulis dengan JavaScript harus dijalankan oleh browser.

Variable JavaScript

Dunia pemrograman selalu tidak terlepas dari pengolahan data dan informasi. Data atau informati tersebut mungkin berupa teks yang ditampilkan pada browser. Selanjutnya teks tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai nilai dari sebuah variabel contoh: kata = 'halo' kata adalah variabel sedangkan 'halo' adalah nilai atau value.

Berikut adalah variabel yang biasa dipakai pada JavaScript:

Type	Contoh	Deskripsi
String	'halo'	karakter yang diapit oleh tanda kutip
Number	5	nomor yang tidak diapit oleh tanda kutip
Boolean	true	logika benar atau salah (true= benar, false= salah)
Null	null	variabel tidak bernilai

Membuat Variable
Cara I:
var Umur;
Umur = 18;
Cara II:
var Umur = 18;

Membuat Keputusan
Membuat keputusan dengan If.. Then di bawah ini adalah contoh penggunaan If ... Then
If kondisi (){
... kode ini dijalankan jika kondisinya benar
}

Jika kondisinya benar, kode yang berada diantara If dan End If akan dijalankan. Jika kondisinya tidak benar, maka kode nya dilompati dan tidak dijalankan. Di bawah ini adalah contoh penggunaa If - then

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Programming Website</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><A HREF="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com">Thomas IPT</A>
<EM>menggunakan If-Then </EM></H1>
<HR>
<P>Masukkan umur dan klik tombol "Tes". Visual Basic
Script akan memakai kondisi If-Then untuk menampilkan pesan
<PRE>
Saya berumur <INPUT NAME="txtUmur" SIZE=10 > tahun. --
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Tes" SIZE=30 NAME="cmdTes">
</PRE>
<HR>
<center>
from <em>Programming Website</em> oleh
<A HREF="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com">Thomas IPT</A> <br>
</center>

Kode di atas bila dijalankan akan meminta input umur pemakai. Ketika pemakai mengklik tombol Tes, pernyataan If-then akan memeriksa apakah pemakai memassukkan umur yang sah. Jika pemakai memasasukkan nilai negatif atau lebih besar dari 120 maka akan muncul pesan kesalahan.

Perulangan / Loop

Perulangan sering dijumpai dalam pemgrograman. Contoh kita ingin menghitung pajak atau total gaji dari daftar karyawan. Di sini sering dipergunakan perulangan/loop.

For Next

pernyataan for next biasanya dipergunakan untuk melakukan perulangan dengan jumlah perulangan yang sudah diketahui pemaik sebelumnya.
Contoh kita akan mencetak kata halo sebagai pesan sebanyak 10 kali.

Contoh kodenya adalah sbb:
for (var i = 0; i < = 10;i++){
alert ("Halo..!");
}

Simpan script di bawah ini dapat anda copy ke notepad, lalu simpan dengan nama "if_javascript.htm"
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Programming Website</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><A HREF="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com">Thomas IPT</A> <EM>menggunakan for - next </EM> <HR></H1> <P> Masukkan angka dan klik tombol "Tes". JavaScript akan memakai for - next untuk menampilkan pesan sebanyak yang diisikan pada textbox.<BR>
perulangan <INPUT NAME="txtmax" SIZE=10 > kali <BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Tes" SIZE=30 NAME="cmdTes" LANGUAGE=javascript onclick="return cmdTes_onclick()">
<BR>
<HR> <center>
from <em>Programming Website</em> oleh
<A HREF="http://thomasipt.blogspot.com">Thomas IPT</A> <br> </center>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
function cmdTes_onclick(){
var max = window.txtmax.value;
for (var i = 0; i < = max;i++){
alert (i+" Halo..!");
}
}
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Validasi Pemakai dengan JavaScript Client Site

Validasi

Validasi /pengesahan biasanya dilakukan pada saat pemakai mengisikan data-data. Contoh untuk memeriksa apakah pemakai sudah benar-benar mengisi nama atau alamat.

Client Side
Yang dimaksud dengan client side script disini adalah, Script di jalankan pada sisi Client yaitu pada komputer pemakai.

Di bawah ini adalah contoh pengisian buku tamu versi JavaScript:
<HTML><HEAD></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><FONT face="Courier New">Isi Buku Tamu</FONT> </H1>
<FONT face="Courier New"> <FORM name="frmInput"> <BR>
Nama <input name="txtNama"> <BR>
Email <input name="txtEmail"> <BR> <BR>
Komentar: <BR><TEXTAREA name=txtKomentar rows=10 cols=60></TEXTAREA> <br>
<input type="button" value="OK" name="btnSubmit" LANGUAGE=javascript onclick="return btnSubmit_onclick()"> <input type="reset" value="Batal" name="btnReset"> <BR> </form> </FONT>
<script LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
function btnSubmit_onclick() {
var kesalahan="";
if (frmInput.txtNama.value == ""){
kesalahan="\n" + "Nama harus di isi";
}
var email = frmInput.txtEmail.value;
var x = email.indexOf("@");
if (x == -1){
kesalahan = kesalahan + "\n" + "Alamat email harus memiliki tanda @"; }
}
if(frmInput.txtKomentar.value == ""){
kesalahan=kesalahan + "\n" + "Tolong Isi Komentar...";
}
if (kesalahan != ""){
alert ("Ada kesalahan isi form: " + "\n" + kesalahan);
}else{
alert ("submit");
window.frmInput.submit
}
}
function btnReset_onclick(){
frmInput.txtNama.value = "";
frmInput.txtEmail.value = "";
frmInput.txtKomentar.value = "";
}
</script>
</BODY>
</HTML>

copy kode di atas ke notepad lalu simpan dengan nama validasi_JavaScript.htm buka dengan browser.

ODBC Minded

2010-04-09T19:48:00.006+07:00

Dari seluruh pekerjaan maupun proyek aplikasi yang saya kerjakan selalu menggunakan koneksi dengan ODBC, mungkin dari beberapa orang, banyak yang sudah mengerti penggunaan koneksi dengan ODBC. Saya sendiri pribadi jika ditanya kenapa menggunakan Koneksi Database ODBC, cukup simple jawaban yang saya berikan yaitu :

" GURU YANG MENGAJAR SAYA MENGGUNAKAN KONEKSI ODBC ... xixixi"

otomatis saya yang belajar membuat program 1000% otodidak mau tidak mau juga menggunakan koneksi tersebut. Sudah lebih dari 4 tahun saya menggunakan koneksi tersebut dengan menggunakan Database Ms Access ataupun Ms SQL Server. Bukannya saya minded juga dengan semua Software Microsoft, tapi memang jujur cuma 2 database itu yang saya bisa gunakan... dan juga bukan saya tidak ada keinginan untuk belajar database lain, tapi memang waktu yang tersedia sudah habis untuk mengerjakan berbagai pesanan. Andaikata ada kelebihan waktu lebih banyak saya gunakan untuk bersosialisasi di facebook.... he he he parah banget ya. Dan dengan menulis tentang ODBC di blog ini otomatis saya jadi belajar tentang pengertian fundamental dari koneksi tersebut. Lagian belajar dan saling membagi ilmu juga merupakan tujuan saya menulis disini. Kalo ada yang baca ya lumayan, tapi kalo cuma numpang lewat juga bodo amat... :p bagus lagi kalo ada yang meng-copy dan membagi ke teman yang lain, karena seluruh isi memang saya bebaskan untuk dicopy ke forum atau kemanapun, terserah yang baca ni posting...

Referensi

Open Database Connectivity (disingkat menjadi ODBC)
Sebuah standar terbuka untuk konektivitas antar mesin basis data. Standar ini menyediakan API yang dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan dan mengoneksikan sebuah aplikasi dengan sebuah sistem manajemen basis data (SMBD). Para desainer ODBC membuatnya dengan tujuan agar ODBC terbebas dari penggunaan bahasa pemrograman tertentu, sistem manajemen basis data tertentu, dan sistem operasi tertentu.
Selayang pandang
Spesifikasi ODBC menawarkan API prosedural untuk menggunakan query dengan bahasa SQL untuk mengakses sebuah basis data. Sebuah implementasi ODBC, akan menyediakan satu aplikasi atau lebih, pustaka inti ODBC, dan juga "driver basis data". Pustaka inti ODBC, yang bersifat independen terhadap aplikasi dan juga DBMS, bertindak sebagai interpreter antara aplikasi dan juga driver basis data, sementara driver basis data mengandung detail-detail mengenai SMBD tertentu. Sehingga, dengan cara seperti ini, para programmer dapat menulis aplikasi basis data, tanpa harus memahami sistem manajemen basis data tertentu, mengingat semuanya telah ditangani oleh ODBC. Akan tetapi, para pembuat driver basis data ODBC hanya harus mengetahui bagaimana caranya memasukkan driver basis data ke dalam pustaka inti ODBC. Dengan begitu, ODBC ini dapat disebut sebagai sistem yang modular.
ODBC memiliki beberapa komponen utama, yakni sebagai berikut:
ODBC API: sekumpulan panggilan fungsi, kode-kode kesalahan dan sintaksis SQL yang mendefinisikan bagaimana data dalam sebuah DBMS diakses.
Driver basis data ODBC: driver (yang berupa dynamic link library) yang mampu memproses panggilan fungsi ODBC untuk sebuah DBMS tertentu.
ODBC Driver Manager: yang bertugas untuk memuat driver basis data ODBC yang dibutuhkan oleh aplikasi.
Pengguna sistem operasi Windows dapat mengonfigurasikan ODBC dengan menggunakan utilitas ODBC yang terdapat di dalam Control Panel. Utilitas ini mengizinkan mereka untuk mendefinisikan DSN (Data Source Name) untuk basis data yang hendak diakses dan juga driver yang digunakan untuk mengakses basis data tersebut. Untuk mengonfigurasikan ODBC dengan utilitas ini, mereka dapat mengasosiasikan sebuah DSN dengan sebuah driver ODBC, yang mengizinkan aplikasi untuk dapat berinterakse dengan sebuah basis data yang disimpan baik secara lokal di dalam mesin yang sama maupun di dalam server jaringan.

Gimana, sudah cukup jelas, kalo belum jelas cari referensi lain juga silahkan, saya lebih suka dengan wiki. Untuk lebih jelasnya cara koneksi akan saya berikan contoh aplikasi dengan menggunakan Ms Visual Basic dan Database Ms Access, untuk Database SQL Server tunggu tanggal mainnya, karena anda baca juga belum selesai jadi jangan terburu-buru dengan Database SQL...

SAMPEL SOURCE CODE

Module.BAS

Public CN As String

Sub Main()
CN = "DSN=LATIHAN;DRIVER={Microsoft Access Driver};Server=CENTRAL;UID= ;PWD=;Database = LATIHAN.mdb;"
LOGIN.Show
End Sub

Public Sub ClearTextBoxes(frmClearMe As Form)
Dim txt As Control
For Each txt In frmClearMe
If TypeOf txt Is TextBox Then txt.Text = ""
Next
End Sub

ADMIN.FRM

Private Sub cmdCLOSE_Click()
Unload Me
LOGIN.Show
End Sub

LOGIN.FRM

Private RDOE As rdoEnvironment
Private RDCO As rdoConnection
Private RCari, tUser, tMasuk As rdoResultset
Private SCari, SqlPass As String
Private Sub cmdCLOSE_Click()
End
End Sub
Private Sub cmdOK_Click()
SCari = "Select * From C013 where UserCode = '" + Text1 + "' and Password = '" + Text2 + "'"
Set RCari = RDCO.OpenResultset(SCari, rdOpenKeyset)
If RCari.RowCount <> 0 Then
Call Masuk
Unload Me
Else
LOGIN.Hide
MsgBox "ANDA TIDAK BERHAK LOG IN KE SYSTEM", vbCritical, "KONFIRMASI"
LOGIN.Show
ClearTextBoxes Me
Text1.SetFocus
End If
RCari.Close
Set RCari = Nothing
End Sub
Private Sub Masuk()
SqlPass = "Select * from C013 where UserCode =  '" + Trim(Text1) + "' "
Set tMasuk = RDCO.OpenResultset(SqlPass, rdOpenDynamic, rdConcurRowVer)
If tMasuk.RowCount <> 0 Then
If tMasuk("MAIN") = "01" Then
ADMIN.Show
ElseIf tMasuk("MAIN") = "02" Then
USER.Show
End If
End If
tMasuk.Close
Set tMasuk = Nothing
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Set RDOE = rdoEnvironments(0)
Set RDCO = RDOE.OpenConnection("DSN=LATIHAN", rdDriverNoPrompt, False, CN)
ClearTextBoxes Me
End Sub
Private Sub Text1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
If KeyAscii = 13 Then
SendKeys "{TAB}"
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Text1_LostFocus()
Text1 = Format(Text1, ">")
End Sub
Private Sub Text2_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
If KeyAscii = 13 Then
SendKeys "{TAB}"
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Text2_LostFocus()
Text2 = Format(Text2, ">")
End Sub

USER.FRM

Private Sub cmdCLOSE_Click()
Unload Me
LOGIN.Show
End Sub

SAMPEL FORM

Untuk SAMPEL PROJECT, DATABASE dan SETTING ODBC dapat anda download DISINI

PASSWORD RAR ... th0m4s_1pt

Penjelasan Isi Download :

ADMIN A
USER A

Untuk dapat menjalankan aplikasi, pertamakali setting ODBC dengan nama LATIHAN dan alamat database sesuai dimana database LATIHAN.mdb berada
Apabila aplikasi digunakan untuk sistem terintegrasi di dalam jaringan, maka folder/drive dapat di share kemudian copy aplikasi ke setiap komputer client
Kemudian setting ODBC pada masing2 komputer client dengan alamat database pada posisi folder/drive yang di share tadi. Untuk memudahkan lebih baik pada komputer client dibuatkan Network Drive baru untuk folder/drive yang di share.
Apabila aplikasi ini dikembangkan maka akan menjadi suatu aplikasi yang terintegrasi dalam suatu jaringan lokal.

Semoga Bermanfaat ... !!!